~.-.~60THE WRETCHED OF THE EARTHON VIOLENCE61But ano<strong>the</strong>r danger looms on <strong>the</strong> horizon. Since <strong>the</strong> ThirdWorld is abandoned and condemned to regression, in any casestagnation, through <strong>the</strong> selfishness and immorality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> West,<strong>the</strong> underdeveloped peoples decide to establish a collective autarchy. The industries <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> West are f'apidly deprived <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>iroverseas outlets. Capital goods pile up in <strong>the</strong> warehouses and <strong>the</strong>European market witnesses <strong>the</strong> inexorable rivalry between financiers and cartels. Factory closures, lay<strong>of</strong>fs, and unemploymentnations on condition it is used to buy manufactured goods andmachinery, and <strong>the</strong>refore keep <strong>the</strong> factories in <strong>the</strong> metropolisrunning.In fact <strong>the</strong> Western financiers are wary <strong>of</strong> any form <strong>of</strong> risk taking. Their demands, <strong>the</strong>refore, are for political stability and apeaceful social climate which are impossible to achieve given<strong>the</strong> appalling situation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population as a whole in <strong>the</strong> aftermath <strong>of</strong> independence. In <strong>the</strong>ir search, <strong>the</strong>n, for a guaranteewhich <strong>the</strong> former colony cannot vouch for, <strong>the</strong>y demand thatcertain military bases be kept on and <strong>the</strong> young nation enter intomilitary and economic agreements. The private companies putpressure on <strong>the</strong>ir own government to ensure that <strong>the</strong> troops stationed in <strong>the</strong>se countries are assigned to protecting <strong>the</strong>ir interests. As a last resort <strong>the</strong>se companies require <strong>the</strong>ir governmentto guarantee <strong>the</strong>ir investments in such and such an underdeveloped region.As a result few countries meet <strong>the</strong> conditions required by <strong>the</strong>cartels and monopolies. So <strong>the</strong> capital, deprived <strong>of</strong>reliable outlets,remains blocked in Europe and frozen. Especially as <strong>the</strong> capitalistsrefuse to invest in <strong>the</strong>ir own country. Returns in this case arein fact minimal and <strong>the</strong> fiscal pressure disheartens <strong>the</strong> boldest.The situation in <strong>the</strong> long-term is catastrophic. Capital nolonger circulates or else is considerably reduced. The Swissbanks refuse funding and Europe suffocates. Despite <strong>the</strong> enormous sums swallowed up by military expenditures, internationalcapitalism is in desperate straits.force <strong>the</strong> European proletariat to engage in an open struggle with<strong>the</strong> capitalist regime. The monopolies <strong>the</strong>n realize that <strong>the</strong>ir trueinterests lie in aiding, and massively aiding without too manyconditions, <strong>the</strong> underdeveloped countries. It is clear <strong>the</strong>reforethat <strong>the</strong> young nations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Third World are wrong to grovel at. <strong>the</strong> feet <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> capitalist countries. We are powerful in our own. right and <strong>the</strong> justness <strong>of</strong> our position. It is our duty, however, totell and explain to <strong>the</strong> capitalist countries that <strong>the</strong>y are wrong tothink <strong>the</strong> fundamental issue <strong>of</strong> our time is <strong>the</strong> war between <strong>the</strong>socialist regime and <strong>the</strong>m. An end must be put to this cold warthat gets us nowhere, <strong>the</strong> nuclear arms race must be stopped and<strong>the</strong> underdeveloped regions must receive generous investmentsand technical aid. The fate <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> world depends on <strong>the</strong> responsegiven to this question. And it is pointless for <strong>the</strong> capitalist regimes to try and implicate <strong>the</strong> socialist regimes in <strong>the</strong> "fate <strong>of</strong> Europe" confronted by<strong>the</strong> starving multitudes <strong>of</strong> colored peoples. Colonel Gagarin'sexploit, whatever General de Gaulle thinks, is not a feat which"does credit to Europe." For some time now <strong>the</strong> leaders <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>capitalist regimes and <strong>the</strong>ir intellectuals have had an ambivalentattitude towards <strong>the</strong> Soviet Union. After having joined forces toeliminate <strong>the</strong> socialist regime <strong>the</strong>y now realize <strong>the</strong>y have to cometo terms with it. So <strong>the</strong>y switch on <strong>the</strong> smiles, multiply <strong>the</strong> overturesand make constant reminders to <strong>the</strong> Soviet people that <strong>the</strong>y"are part 0 fEurope."Brandishing <strong>the</strong> Third World as a flood which threatens toengulf <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> Europe will not divide <strong>the</strong> progressive forceswhose intentions are to lead humanity in <strong>the</strong> pursuit <strong>of</strong> happiness.The Third World has no intention <strong>of</strong> organizing a vasthunger crusade against Europe. What it does expect from thosewho have kept it in slavery for centuries is to help it rehabilitateman, and ensure his triumph everywhere, once and for all.But it is obvious we are not so naive as to think this will beachieved with <strong>the</strong> cooperation and goodwill <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> European
62 THE WRETCHED OF THE EARTHgovernments. This colossal task, which consists <strong>of</strong> reintroducingman into <strong>the</strong> world, man in his totality, will be achieved withcrucial help <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> European masses who would do well toconfess that <strong>the</strong>y have <strong>of</strong>ten rallied behind <strong>the</strong> position <strong>of</strong> ourcommon masters on colonial issues. In order to do this. <strong>the</strong>European masses must first <strong>of</strong> all decide to wake up, put onthinking caps and stop playing <strong>the</strong> irresponsible game <strong>of</strong> SleepingBeauty.Grandeur and Weakness<strong>of</strong> SpontaneityThese reflections on violence have made us realize <strong>the</strong> frequentdiscrepancy between <strong>the</strong> cadres <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nationalist party and <strong>the</strong>masses, and <strong>the</strong> way <strong>the</strong>y are out <strong>of</strong> step with each o<strong>the</strong>r. In anyunion or political organization <strong>the</strong>re is a traditional !lao between<strong>the</strong> masses who demand anment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir situation, and <strong>the</strong> cadres who, gaugingculties likely to be created by employers, put a restraint on <strong>the</strong>irdemands. Hence <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>t-remarked tenacious discontent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>masses with regard to <strong>the</strong> cadres. Mer a day <strong>of</strong> demonstrations,while <strong>the</strong> cadres are celebrating victory, <strong>the</strong> masses well and trulyget <strong>the</strong> feeling <strong>the</strong>y have been betrayed. It is <strong>the</strong> repeated demonstrationsfor <strong>the</strong>ir rights and <strong>the</strong> repeated labor disputes thatpoliticize <strong>the</strong> masses. A politically informed union <strong>of</strong>ficial issomeone who knows that a local dispute is not a crucial confrontationbetween him and management. The colonized intellectuals,who in <strong>the</strong>ir respective metropolises have studied<strong>the</strong> mechanism <strong>of</strong> political parties, establish similar organizationsso as to mobilize <strong>the</strong> masses and put pressure on <strong>the</strong> colonialadministration. The formation <strong>of</strong> nationalist parties in <strong>the</strong> colonizedcountries is contemporary with <strong>the</strong> birth <strong>of</strong> an intellectualand business<strong>the</strong> organization as such, and63
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OTHER WORKS BY FRANTZ FANON PUBLISH
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Foreword: Framing Fanonby Homi K. B
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xFOREWORDFOREWORDxito such a narrow
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xviFOREWORDor ancient, despite the
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xxfOREWORDfOREWORDxxiperson is seen
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Conclusion Now, comrades, now is th
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242 ON RETRANSLATING FANON, RETRIEV
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