KAIS 2007 1 - Kenya National AIDS & STI Control Programme ...

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Figure 7.3c Women and men aged 15-64 years who had heard of AIDS and correctlyanswered questions on HIV transmission, Kenya 2007.Can people get the AIDS virus because ofwitchcraft or other supernatural means?Can people reduce their chance of getting theAIDS virus by having just one uninfected sexpartner who has sexual intercourse with noother partners?Is it possible for a healthy-looking person tohave the AIDS virus?90.393.489.893.387.492.0Can people reduce their chance of getting theAIDS virus by not having sexual intercourseat all?83.791.1Can people get the AIDS virus by sharingutensils with a person who has AIDS?84.584.1Can people reduce their chance of getting theAIDS virus by using a condom every timethey have sex?69.275.7Can people get the AIDS virus from mosquitoor other insect bites?68.873.7If a woman has the virus that causes AIDS,does her sexual partner always have theAIDS virus, almost always, or onlysometimes?If a man has the virus that causes AIDS, doeshis sexual partner always have the AIDSvirus, almost always, or only sometimes?31.233.031.432.5WomenMen0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100Percent (%)Figure 7.3c Knowledge about HIV/AIDS transmission varied significantly by the13 specific knowledge question asked. Almost all adults correctly answered that nothaving sex can reduce the chances of acquiring HIV and some adults knew that asexual partner of a HIV‐infected woman or man does not always have the virus.Of all respondents, 89.8% of women and 93.3% of men correctly reported that one could reduce therisk of acquiring HIV by having one uninfected partner who does not have sex with others. Mostwomen and men understood that a healthy‐looking person could have HIV infection (87.4% and 92.0%,respectively) and that abstaining from sex was one way to reduce chances of acquiring HIV (83.7% and91.1%, respectively). A lower percentage of women and men were aware that consistent condom usewas a way to reduce the risk of HIV infection (69.2% and 75.7%, respectively).Several questions were asked for the first time in the 2007 KAIS that were not asked in the 2003 KDHS.For the two new questions that asked about the possibility of HIV discordance between sexualpartners 1 , the percent responding correctly was low. Among women and men, the percent respondingcorrectly that a sexual partner of an HIV‐infected person is only sometimes HIV‐infected ranged from31.2% to 33.0%; most women and men believed that a sexual partner of an HIV‐infected person isalways or almost always infected.1 Two new questions were: 1) “If a man has the virus that casuses AIDs, does his sexual partner always have the AIDS virus, almostalways, or only sometimes?”; 2) If a woman has the virus that causes AIDS, does her sexual parter always have the AIDS virus, almostalways, or only sometimes?”KAIS 2007 120
The percent of women providing correct answers was significantly less than men for six of the nicequestions, with the greatest differences evident for reducing HIV infections through consistentcondom use (69.2% for women and 75.7% for men) and reducing HIV by abstaining from sex (83.7%and 91.1%, respectively).Figure 7.3d Women and men aged 15-64 years who had heard of AIDS and correctlyanswered questions on mother-to-child transmission, Kenya 2007.Can the virus that causes AIDS be transmitted from a mother to her baby:By breastfeeding?80.089.0During delivery?70.470.0During pregnancy?50.854.1WomenMen0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100Percent (%)Figure 7.3d More than half of women and men knew that HIV could betransmitted from mother to child through breastfeeding, delivery and pregnancy.The three questions presented in Figure 7.3d on mother‐to‐child transmission were asked for the firsttime in the 2007 KAIS. Most respondents were aware that HIV could be transmitted from mother tochild during breastfeeding (85.1% overall, data not shown), and women were significantly more likelythan men to provide a correct response to this question (89.0% and 80.0%, respectively). Similarpercentages of women (70.4%) and men (70.0%) were aware that transmission could occur duringdelivery. Only about half of participants were aware that transmission could occur during pregnancy,and women were significantly more likely than men to provide a correct response to this question(54.1% and 50.8%, respectively).KAIS 2007 121
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KAIS 2007 1
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P.O. Box: 9361 Code: 00202 Nairobi,
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KEMRIKNASPKNBSKshLLITNMCHmlμLMOMSM
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KEY FINDINGS: HIV PREVENTION• Amo
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Among HIV‐uninfected women, 71.2%
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Men 5.4 26.3 1.9Total 7.1 35.1 1.8O
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Kenya is also committed to the “T
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Table 1.4 Distribution of sampled c
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1.7 SURVEY IMPLEMENTATIONTrainingIn
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Data processing included a number o
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Characteristic 2003 KDHS 2007 KAISQ
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Figure 1.11 Sampled clusters and el
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Table 1.11c Survey response rates b
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Population estimates reported in th
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2.4 HIV PREVALENCE AMONG YOUTHFigur
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Figure 2.6b HIV prevalence among ru
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2.7 HIV PREVALENCE BY PROVINCEFigur
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Figure 2.7c Estimated number of HIV
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2.9 HIV PREVALENCE BY EDUCATION LEV
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Figure 2.10b HIV prevalence among r
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2.11 HIV PREVALENCE BY TIME AWAY FR
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2.13 MALE CIRCUMCISION AND ASSOCIAT
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Figure 2.13c HIV prevalence among c
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Comparison of HIV Prevalence in the
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3.3 SEXFigure 3.3a HIV prevalence a
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Figure 3.4b. HIV prevalence among m
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3.7 PROVINCEFigure 3.7a HIV prevale
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2003 KDHS 1 2007 KAIS 2Marital stat
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3.10 WEALTH INDEXFigure 3.10a HIV p
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DATA IN CONTEXT: APPROACHES TO HIV
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Population estimates reported in th
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Figure 4.3c Ever been tested for HI
Page 70 and 71: Figure 4.3e Ever been tested for HI
Page 72 and 73: Figure 4.3g Women aged 15-49 years
Page 74 and 75: Figure 4.4a Time since last HIV tes
Page 76 and 77: Figure 4.5a Reasons for not testing
Page 78 and 79: Increasing access to HIV testing wi
Page 80 and 81: 4.7. Gaps and unmet needs• Two‐
Page 82 and 83: Population estimates reported in th
Page 84 and 85: Figure 5.3b Self-reported HIV statu
Page 86 and 87: This section examines participants
Page 88 and 89: Figure 5.5a Knowledge of HIV status
Page 90 and 91: Figure 5.5c Percent of partnerships
Page 92 and 93: uninfected. A couple was considered
Page 94 and 95: Figure 5.6c Women and men aged 15-6
Page 96 and 97: Sexual Partners, Sexual DebutCircum
Page 98 and 99: Figure 6.3b. HIV prevalence among w
Page 100 and 101: Figure 6.3d. HIV prevalence among w
Page 102 and 103: Figure 6.3f. Men aged 15-64 years r
Page 104 and 105: In this section, “consistent cond
Page 106 and 107: Figure 6.4c. Marital or cohabiting
Page 108 and 109: Figure 6.5b. Young women and men ag
Page 110 and 111: Figure 6.5d. Young women and men ag
Page 112 and 113: Figure 6.6a. Male circumcision amon
Page 114 and 115: Figure 6.6d. HIV prevalence among m
Page 116 and 117: Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs ch
Page 118 and 119: Figure 7.3b. Most common source of
Page 122 and 123: Figure 7.3e Overall scores for 12 q
Page 124 and 125: Figure 7.3g Women and men aged 15-6
Page 126 and 127: Figure 7.3i Correct responses to se
Page 128 and 129: • If a female teacher has the AID
Page 130 and 131: 7.5. Perceived risk of HIV infectio
Page 132 and 133: Figure 7.5c Reasons given for havin
Page 134 and 135: 7.6. Attitudes toward women’s rol
Page 136 and 137: who had never been tested for HIV o
Page 138 and 139: 8.2 INTRODUCTIONIn the absence of i
Page 140 and 141: 8.3 ANTENATAL CLINIC ATTENDANCE, 20
Page 142 and 143: 8.4 KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TR
Page 144 and 145: The analysis in this section consid
Page 146 and 147: Figure 8.5b Women aged 15-49 years
Page 148: • Incorrect communication or unde
Page 151 and 152: 8.8 CURRENTLY PREGNANT WOMEN: HIV T
Page 153 and 154: Among currently pregnant women, 7.1
Page 155 and 156: Among pregnant, HIV‐uninfected wo
Page 157 and 158: Figure 8.11b Desire for a child in
Page 159 and 160: 8.12 CONTRACEPTIVE USEThe next figu
Page 161 and 162: Figure 8.12c Contraceptive use* amo
Page 163 and 164: Blood and Injection Safety chapter
Page 165 and 166: D ATA IN C ONTEXT: N ATIONAL B LOOD
Page 167 and 168: Figure 9.3a Source of blood donatio
Page 169 and 170: Figure 9.3b Source of blood donatio
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Figure 9.3d Source of blood donatio
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9.4 Blood transfusionsAlthough the
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10080Injec tionsPillsNo preferenceW
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HIV prevalence among adults who rep
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9.6 Gaps and unmet needs• HIV pre
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The Ministry of Medical Services re
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10.3 COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS FOR
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Coverage also varied significantly
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10.4 ARV ELIGIBILITY, COVERAGE AND
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ARV coverage was estimated by takin
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Figure 10.4b ARV coverage among HIV
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DATA IN CONTEXTEstimates of HIV-inf
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10.5 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• The es
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debilitating illness leading to hos
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Among HIV‐infected adults (83.6%
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Figure 11.3d HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.4b HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.4d HIV-infected adults ag
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DATA IN CONTEXTHIV Basic Care Packa
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Figure 11.5b HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.6b Percent of HIV-infecte
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11.8 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Counse
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12.3 HSV-2 prevalenceHSV‐2 preval
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807071.0WomenMen64.3HSV-2 Prevalenc
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Figure 12.3d HSV-2 prevalence among
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Figure 12.4b HSV-2 prevalence among
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Figure 12.5a HIV prevalence by HSV-
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Figure 12.6b Condom use during last
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12.7 Gaps and unmet needs• Increa
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also at substantially elevated risk
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Figure 13.3b Prevalence of syphilis
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Figure 13.3d Prevalence of syphilis
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Figure 13.3f Prevalence of syphilis
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Figure 13.4b Prevalence of syphilis
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13.6 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Patien
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Household Characteristics andImpact
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Figure 14.3a Sex of head of househo
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Figure 14.3d Household population,
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14.5 PREVALENCE OF HIV-AFFECTED HOU
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Figure 14.5c HIV-affected household
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social and economic conditions of h
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households used chemical disinfecta
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14.7 HOUSEHOLD OWNERSHIP OF MOSQUIT
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Figure 14.7b HIV-affected and HIV-u
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Table 14.7b Source of bednets among
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Overall, 52.3% percent of children
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14.9 CARE AND SUPPORT FOR ORPHANS A
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For consistency with other populati
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Returning Test Results15.1 KEY FIND
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Figure 15.3b. Participants aged 15-
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Figure 15.3d. Participants aged 15-
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Figure 15.3f. Participants aged 15-
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15.4 RETURNING TO RECEIVE TEST RESU
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Figure 15.5 Women aged 15-64 years
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Methods of the 2007 KAISThis Append
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ClustersHouseholdsProvince Rural Ur
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and treatment services and other he
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The KEMRI Ethical Review Committee
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Red top (5 ml)Whole blood collected
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algorithm using two HIV EIAs (Viron
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Figure A5.a. Structure and flow of
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Recruitment and training of results
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observe confidentiality of particip
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Documentation. Results counsellors
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Normalisation of weightsNormalised
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This report presents the results of
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