KAIS 2007 1 - Kenya National AIDS & STI Control Programme ...

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D ATA IN C ONTEXTDifferences in the 2007 KNBTS and KAIS national estimates for blood donationBased on KNBTS statistics, approximately 124,000 blood units were collected by the KNBTScentres in 2007; this is roughly 62.6% of the 2007 KAIS national estimate of 198,000 [95% CI160,000, 240,000] persons who reported donating to a blood transfusion service.The reasons for the discrepancy in the two estimates need further evaluation, but may includethe following possible explanations. The question in the 2007 KAIS that specifies source ofblood donation request among donors in the year before the survey was limited to threepossible sources: blood transfusion service, family/friend, or other/unknown. Though mostpersons who donate blood do so through the KNBTS network, it is still possible to voluntarilydonate blood to a private hospital blood bank outside of this network. Therefore, thedenominators for the KNBTS and KAIS estimate are not necessarily the same. Further, the2007 KAIS data are based on participant self‐report and are therefore subject to participantrecall bias. In the 2007 KAIS, participants were asked if they had donated in the past year,though it is possible that the participant reported donations beyond the one year time frame.Finally, in contrast to the KNBTS estimate, the 2007 KAIS estimate is an extrapolated estimatebased on the 2007 projected population aged 15‐64 years in the 1999 Analytical Report onPopulation projections, Volume II, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS). Because thereare strict eligibility criteria for age, weight, and clinical ranges to donate blood in Kenya, notall persons aged 15‐64 years are equally eligible to donate blood. Population projections usedto calculate the national estimate for blood donation were based on age, sex and provincialdistributions in the total general population of persons aged 15‐64 years and not the eligibledonor population. In addition, there is a possibility that KNBTS data were incomplete due toreporting lapses or inconsistencies across the country. These in combination would have likelycontributed to an overestimation of the 2007 KAIS national estimate of reported blooddonations in the year before the survey.Though the discrepancy between the KNBTS and KAIS estimates is considerable, the 2007KAIS estimate nonetheless gives some indication of the pool of potential blood donors that theKNBTS network may not reaching.KAIS 2007 168
Figure 9.3b Source of blood donation request among adults aged 15‐64 years who reported that theydonated blood in the year before the survey by province, Kenya 2007.Weighted %0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 4033.4Nairobi18.5829.119.8Central15.4914.44.3Blood transfusion serviceCoast4.19.58Replacement (outside of theKNBTS network)ProvinceEastern0.336.114.5213.6Unspecified sourceNorth Eastern00.7014.5Nyanza19.8710.1Rift Valley11.1612.715.9Western8.910.0912.9Note, in the figure the weighted percent illustrated for each category of source of donation request totals to 100% across provincecategories.Figure 9.3b Among all persons that reported donating blood at the request of a bloodtransfusion service, the majority were from Nairobi and Nyanza province. Among thosethat reported donating at the request of family or friends (that is, as a replacement/familydonor), most were from Nyanza and Nairobi provinces.Among reported donors in the year before the survey, the source of donation request variedsignificantly by province. Donation requests from blood transfusion services were highest in Nairobiprovince (33.4%) followed by Central province (19.8%). In contrast, family/replacement donor requestswere highest in Nyanza (19.9%) and Nairobi (18.6%) provinces. Donation requests from unspecifiedsources were highest in Nairobi province (29.1%).KAIS 2007 169
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KAIS 2007 1
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P.O. Box: 9361 Code: 00202 Nairobi,
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KEMRIKNASPKNBSKshLLITNMCHmlμLMOMSM
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KEY FINDINGS: HIV PREVENTION• Amo
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Among HIV‐uninfected women, 71.2%
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Men 5.4 26.3 1.9Total 7.1 35.1 1.8O
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Kenya is also committed to the “T
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Table 1.4 Distribution of sampled c
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1.7 SURVEY IMPLEMENTATIONTrainingIn
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Data processing included a number o
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Characteristic 2003 KDHS 2007 KAISQ
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Figure 1.11 Sampled clusters and el
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Table 1.11c Survey response rates b
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Population estimates reported in th
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2.4 HIV PREVALENCE AMONG YOUTHFigur
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Figure 2.6b HIV prevalence among ru
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2.7 HIV PREVALENCE BY PROVINCEFigur
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Figure 2.7c Estimated number of HIV
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2.9 HIV PREVALENCE BY EDUCATION LEV
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Figure 2.10b HIV prevalence among r
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2.11 HIV PREVALENCE BY TIME AWAY FR
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2.13 MALE CIRCUMCISION AND ASSOCIAT
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Figure 2.13c HIV prevalence among c
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Comparison of HIV Prevalence in the
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3.3 SEXFigure 3.3a HIV prevalence a
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Figure 3.4b. HIV prevalence among m
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3.7 PROVINCEFigure 3.7a HIV prevale
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2003 KDHS 1 2007 KAIS 2Marital stat
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3.10 WEALTH INDEXFigure 3.10a HIV p
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DATA IN CONTEXT: APPROACHES TO HIV
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Figure 4.3c Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.3e Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.3g Women aged 15-49 years
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Figure 4.4a Time since last HIV tes
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Figure 4.5a Reasons for not testing
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Increasing access to HIV testing wi
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4.7. Gaps and unmet needs• Two‐
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Figure 5.3b Self-reported HIV statu
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This section examines participants
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Figure 5.5a Knowledge of HIV status
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Figure 5.5c Percent of partnerships
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uninfected. A couple was considered
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Figure 5.6c Women and men aged 15-6
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Sexual Partners, Sexual DebutCircum
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Figure 6.3b. HIV prevalence among w
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Figure 6.3d. HIV prevalence among w
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Figure 6.3f. Men aged 15-64 years r
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In this section, “consistent cond
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Figure 6.4c. Marital or cohabiting
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Figure 6.5b. Young women and men ag
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Figure 6.5d. Young women and men ag
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Figure 6.6a. Male circumcision amon
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Figure 6.6d. HIV prevalence among m
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs ch
Page 118 and 119: Figure 7.3b. Most common source of
Page 120 and 121: Figure 7.3c Women and men aged 15-6
Page 122 and 123: Figure 7.3e Overall scores for 12 q
Page 124 and 125: Figure 7.3g Women and men aged 15-6
Page 126 and 127: Figure 7.3i Correct responses to se
Page 128 and 129: • If a female teacher has the AID
Page 130 and 131: 7.5. Perceived risk of HIV infectio
Page 132 and 133: Figure 7.5c Reasons given for havin
Page 134 and 135: 7.6. Attitudes toward women’s rol
Page 136 and 137: who had never been tested for HIV o
Page 138 and 139: 8.2 INTRODUCTIONIn the absence of i
Page 140 and 141: 8.3 ANTENATAL CLINIC ATTENDANCE, 20
Page 142 and 143: 8.4 KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TR
Page 144 and 145: The analysis in this section consid
Page 146 and 147: Figure 8.5b Women aged 15-49 years
Page 148: • Incorrect communication or unde
Page 151 and 152: 8.8 CURRENTLY PREGNANT WOMEN: HIV T
Page 153 and 154: Among currently pregnant women, 7.1
Page 155 and 156: Among pregnant, HIV‐uninfected wo
Page 157 and 158: Figure 8.11b Desire for a child in
Page 159 and 160: 8.12 CONTRACEPTIVE USEThe next figu
Page 161 and 162: Figure 8.12c Contraceptive use* amo
Page 163 and 164: Blood and Injection Safety chapter
Page 165 and 166: D ATA IN C ONTEXT: N ATIONAL B LOOD
Page 167: Figure 9.3a Source of blood donatio
Page 171 and 172: Figure 9.3d Source of blood donatio
Page 173 and 174: 9.4 Blood transfusionsAlthough the
Page 175 and 176: 10080Injec tionsPillsNo preferenceW
Page 177 and 178: HIV prevalence among adults who rep
Page 179 and 180: 9.6 Gaps and unmet needs• HIV pre
Page 181 and 182: The Ministry of Medical Services re
Page 183 and 184: 10.3 COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS FOR
Page 185 and 186: Coverage also varied significantly
Page 187 and 188: 10.4 ARV ELIGIBILITY, COVERAGE AND
Page 189 and 190: ARV coverage was estimated by takin
Page 191 and 192: Figure 10.4b ARV coverage among HIV
Page 193 and 194: DATA IN CONTEXTEstimates of HIV-inf
Page 195 and 196: 10.5 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• The es
Page 197 and 198: debilitating illness leading to hos
Page 199 and 200: Among HIV‐infected adults (83.6%
Page 201 and 202: Figure 11.3d HIV-infected adults ag
Page 203 and 204: Figure 11.4b HIV-infected adults ag
Page 205 and 206: Figure 11.4d HIV-infected adults ag
Page 207 and 208: DATA IN CONTEXTHIV Basic Care Packa
Page 209 and 210: Figure 11.5b HIV-infected adults ag
Page 211 and 212: Figure 11.6b Percent of HIV-infecte
Page 213 and 214: 11.8 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Counse
Page 215 and 216: 12.3 HSV-2 prevalenceHSV‐2 preval
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Figure 12.3d HSV-2 prevalence among
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Figure 12.4b HSV-2 prevalence among
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Figure 12.5a HIV prevalence by HSV-
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Figure 12.6b Condom use during last
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12.7 Gaps and unmet needs• Increa
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also at substantially elevated risk
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Figure 13.3b Prevalence of syphilis
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Figure 13.3d Prevalence of syphilis
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Figure 13.3f Prevalence of syphilis
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Figure 13.4b Prevalence of syphilis
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13.6 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Patien
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Household Characteristics andImpact
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Figure 14.3a Sex of head of househo
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Figure 14.3d Household population,
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14.5 PREVALENCE OF HIV-AFFECTED HOU
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Figure 14.5c HIV-affected household
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social and economic conditions of h
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households used chemical disinfecta
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14.7 HOUSEHOLD OWNERSHIP OF MOSQUIT
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Figure 14.7b HIV-affected and HIV-u
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Table 14.7b Source of bednets among
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Overall, 52.3% percent of children
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14.9 CARE AND SUPPORT FOR ORPHANS A
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For consistency with other populati
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Returning Test Results15.1 KEY FIND
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Figure 15.3b. Participants aged 15-
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Figure 15.3d. Participants aged 15-
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Figure 15.3f. Participants aged 15-
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15.4 RETURNING TO RECEIVE TEST RESU
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Figure 15.5 Women aged 15-64 years
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Methods of the 2007 KAISThis Append
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ClustersHouseholdsProvince Rural Ur
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and treatment services and other he
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The KEMRI Ethical Review Committee
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Red top (5 ml)Whole blood collected
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algorithm using two HIV EIAs (Viron
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Figure A5.a. Structure and flow of
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Recruitment and training of results
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observe confidentiality of particip
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Documentation. Results counsellors
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Normalisation of weightsNormalised
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This report presents the results of
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