KAIS 2007 1 - Kenya National AIDS & STI Control Programme ...

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Kenya is also committed to the “Three Ones” principles for country‐level scale up of the responseto HIV/AIDS: one national action framework, one national coordinating body and one nationalmonitoring and evaluation system. 31.3 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEYThe 2007 KAIS was a nationally representative population survey conducted to provide thecomprehensive data needed to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The findings provide programmemanagers, policy makers and other decision‐makers with essential information to plan andimplement future HIV interventions effectively and to assist with the monitoring and evaluationof programmes targeting HIV/AIDS, STIs and other infections such as tuberculosis and malaria.The overall objective of the survey was to collect high‐quality, representative data on theprevalence of HIV and STIs among adults, knowledge and attitudes towards HIV, anddemographic and behavioural risk factors related to infection with HIV and other STIs.Data in Context: KAIS Objectives• Determine the prevalence of HIV, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and syphilis inadults aged 15-64 years and the distribution of CD4 counts among HIV-infected adults.• Determine access to and unmet need for HIV/AIDS services.• Describe socio-demographic and behavioural risk factors related to HIV and other STIs.• Assess knowledge and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS and other STIs.• Increase awareness of HIV status and care, treatment and eligibility for services byreturning test results to participants.The following sections give an overview of methods used in the 2007 KAIS. More informationabout survey methods is provided in Appendix A.1.4 SURVEY DESIGN AND SAMPLE FRAMEGeographic coverage and target populationThe 2007 KAIS was conducted among a representative sample of households selected from alleight provinces in the country, covering both rural and urban areas. A household was defined as aperson or group of people related or unrelated to each other who live together in the samedwelling unit or compound (a group of dwelling units), share similar cooking arrangements, andidentify the same person as the head of household. The household questionnaire wasadministered to consenting heads of sampled, occupied households. All women and men aged15‐64 years in selected households who were either usual residents or visitors present the nightbefore the survey were eligible to participate in the individual interview and blood draw,provided they gave informed consent. For minors aged 15‐17 years, parental consent and minor3Kenya National HIV/AIDS Strategic Plan 2005/06‐2009/10KAIS 2007 17
Page 1 and 2: KAIS 2007 1
Page 4 and 5: P.O. Box: 9361 Code: 00202 Nairobi,
Page 6: KEMRIKNASPKNBSKshLLITNMCHmlμLMOMSM
Page 10 and 11: KEY FINDINGS: HIV PREVENTION• Amo
Page 12 and 13: Among HIV‐uninfected women, 71.2%
Page 14 and 15: Men 5.4 26.3 1.9Total 7.1 35.1 1.8O
Page 18 and 19: assent were both required for parti
Page 20: the survey for any chronically ill
Page 23 and 24: FieldworkA total of 29 field teams,
Page 25 and 26: significant indicates a p‐value b
Page 27 and 28: HIV testing was performed using ant
Page 29 and 30: Individual interview response rate
Page 31 and 32: Prevalence of HIV2.1 KEY FINDINGS
Page 33 and 34: 1513.3WomenMen11.2HIV Prevalence (W
Page 35 and 36: Figure 2.6a HIV prevalence among wo
Page 37 and 38: Figure 2.6c Estimated number of HIV
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2.7b HIV prevalence among ru
Page 41 and 42: 2.8 HIV PREVALENCE BY MARITAL STATU
Page 43 and 44: 2.10 HIV PREVALENCE BY WEALTH INDEX
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.10c HIV prevalence among w
Page 47 and 48: 2.12 HIV PREVALENCE BY RELIGIOUS AF
Page 49 and 50: Figure 2.13b HIV prevalence among c
Page 51 and 52: 2.14 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• The ep
Page 53 and 54: DATA IN CONTEXTUNDERSTANDING STATIS
Page 55 and 56: When comparing HIV prevalence by fi
Page 57 and 58: 3.6 RESIDENCEFigure 3.6a HIV preval
Page 59 and 60: Figure 3.8a HIV prevalence by curre
Page 61 and 62: 3.9 EDUCATION LEVELFigure 3.9a HIV
Page 63 and 64: 3.11 AGE OF SEXUAL DEBUTFigure 3.11
Page 65 and 66: HIV Testing chapter 44.1. Key findi
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Among all respondents, the percent
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Figure 4.3d Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.3f Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.3h Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.4b Ever been tested among
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Figure 4.5b HIV prevalence among wo
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tested for HIV (86.0%) and those wh
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Knowledge and Disclosure of HIV Sta
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Figure 5.3a Self-reported HIV statu
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Figure 5.3c Self-reported HIV statu
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Figure 5.4a Partnerships in which a
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Figure 5.5b Percent of partnerhips
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5.6. HIV-concordance and -discordan
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Figure 5.6b HIV status of primary p
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5.7. Gaps and unmet needs• LACK O
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6.3. Number of lifetime sexual part
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Figure 6.3c. Women and men aged 15-
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Figure 6.3e. Women aged 15-64 years
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Figure 6.3g. Women and men aged 15-
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Figure 6.4b. Partnerships in which
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6.5. Age at First Sex among Youth A
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Figure 6.5c. Young women and men ag
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Figure 6.5e. HIV prevalence among y
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Figure 6.6c. HIV prevalence among m
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6.7. Gaps and unmet needs• Few mu
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7.3 Knowledge of HIV/AIDSNearly all
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Data in Context: HIV transmission k
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The percent of women providing corr
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Figure 7.3f Women and men aged 15-6
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Figure 7.3h Correct responses to se
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7.4. Stigma toward HIV-infected per
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Figure 7.4c Accepting attitudes tow
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Figure 7.5b HIV prevalence among wo
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Figure 7.5d Reasons given for havin
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The majority of men agreed that if
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Prevention of Mother-to-ChildTransm
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This chapter describes the findings
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Figure 8.3b Place of ANC attendance
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Figure 8.4b Knowledge of ART for PM
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4D ATA I N C ONTEXTANC Sentinel Sur
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The next figure focuses on HIV‐in
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8.7 CURRENTLY PREGNANT WOMEN: ANC C
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8.9 CURRENTLY PREGNANT WOMEN: HIV,
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8.10 HIV STATUS AND SEXUAL PARTNERS
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8.11 FERTILITY DESIRESOnly women wh
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Figure 8.11c Desire for a child in
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Figure 8.12b Contraceptive use* amo
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8.12 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Althou
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Regular, voluntary, non‐remunerat
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9.3 Blood donationsThe section rela
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D ATA IN C ONTEXTDifferences in the
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Figure 9.3c Source of blood donatio
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Figure 9.3e HIV prevalence among ad
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Figure 9.4b HIV prevalence among ad
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Of respondents who reported a medic
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Figure 9.5d HIV prevalence among ad
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Care and Treatment of AdultsInfecte
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Appendix B.10 provides sample sizes
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ash, bone marrow toxicity, and live
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Figure 10.3d Source* of cotrimoxazo
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The Ministry of Medical Services ha
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Overall, national ARV coverage was
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Figure 10.4c Estimated number of HI
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Figure 10.4d HIV-infected adults ag
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Health Care Utilization, Tuberculos
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OUTPATIENT SERVICESFigure 11.3a Adu
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As with outpatient services, the pu
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one of the leading causes of mortal
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Figure 11.4c HIV prevalence among a
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Figure 11.4e Cotrimoxazole coverage
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Figure 11.5a HIV-infected adults ag
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presented in this section include o
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11.7 PREVENTIVE SERVICES FOR PEOPLE
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• Overall, 35.1% of adults were i
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DATA IN CONTEXTHSV-2 AND HIV IN THE
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Figure 12.3c HSV-2 prevalence among
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Figure 12.4a HSV-2 prevalence among
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45.040.038.835.0HSV-2 Prevalence (W
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79.1% of all HIV-discordant couples
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Figure 12.6c Consistent condom use
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Prevalence of Syphilis andCo-infect
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13.3 SYPHILIS PREVALENCEOverall, 1.
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Figure 13.3c Prevalence of syphilis
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Figure 13.3e Prevalence of syphilis
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13.4 ACQUIRING AND TRANSMITTING SYP
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13.5 HIV AND HSV-2 PREVALENCE BY SY
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KAIS 2007 240
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survivorship and living arrangement
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Figure 14.3c Mean size of household
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14.4 BIRTH REGISTRATIONThe GOK issu
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No significant association was obse
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Figure 14.5d CD4 cell category and
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different in urban areas, with only
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Figure 14.6d Type of household toil
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Figure 14.7a Households that owned
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households owned 1.3 nets per house
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more than three years old. Eight‐
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Table 14.8b presents findings on or
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KAIS 2007 included questions about
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households that received no support
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15.3 PARTICIPANTS WHO RETURNED FOR
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Figure 15.3c Participants aged 15-6
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Figure 15.3e Participants aged 15-6
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Figure 15.3g Participants aged 15-6
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Figure 15.4b HIV-infected participa
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15.6 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• An est
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sampling unit for Kenya’s master
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An equal probability systematic sam
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in the laboratory and to issue vouc
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an additional 2 ml of blood was col
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DNA v1.5) was conducted at the KEMR
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facility‐based approach in which
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Table A5. Results formats for labor
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HIV and STI, an explanation of the
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Figure A5.c Sample laboratory test
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Design weightsThe 2007 KAIS sample
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Table A6.e Estimated number of wome
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KAIS 2007 303
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