KAIS 2007 1 - Kenya National AIDS & STI Control Programme ...

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Increasing access to HIV testing will be necessary to help meet the country’s 2010 objective ofachieving 80% testing coverage nationally. “Opt‐out” testing appears to have made an impact inincreasing testing rates among women 1 . Another approach to improving access to HIV testing ishome‐based HIV testing, which may be particularly useful for populations that have limited access toregular testing and counselling services. In addition, the privacy associated with home‐based testingmight increase testing, particularly testing of couples who reside in the same household.Figure 4.6 Percent of adults aged 15-64 years that are willing to be tested for HIV at home,Kenya 2007.Total83.5Nyanza89.3Coast86.4Rift Valley84.6Western83.6Eastern82.5Central80.9Nairobi79.7North Eastern48.10 20 40 60 80 100Weighted (%)Figure 4.6 Rate of willingness to be tested at home was high throughout Kenya, except forNorth Eastern province.Respondents who self‐reported HIV‐infected (approximately 1%) would not be eligible for re‐testingfor HIV and were therefore excluded from this analysis. The analysis was limited to those who hadnever been tested for HIV or those who had been tested and self‐reported uninfected with HIV.A total of 83.5% nationally agreed that they would be willing to be tested for HIV at home, which wassimilar across sex, age, wealth and rural/urban residence. There was little variation in response acrossprovinces except for North Eastern province, where only 48.1% of people stated that they would bewilling to be tested at home. Willingness to test at home was high among those who had ever been1Bolu O, Allread V, Creek T, et al. Approaches for scaling up human immunodeficiency virus testing andcounseling in prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission settings in resourcelimitedcountries. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 197:S83-9.KAIS 2007 78
tested for HIV (86.0%) and those who had never been tested (82.4%), suggesting that home‐basedtesting could be a promising option for improving HIV testing coverage in the general population.KAIS 2007 79
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KAIS 2007 1
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P.O. Box: 9361 Code: 00202 Nairobi,
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KEMRIKNASPKNBSKshLLITNMCHmlμLMOMSM
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KEY FINDINGS: HIV PREVENTION• Amo
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Among HIV‐uninfected women, 71.2%
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Men 5.4 26.3 1.9Total 7.1 35.1 1.8O
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Kenya is also committed to the “T
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Table 1.4 Distribution of sampled c
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1.7 SURVEY IMPLEMENTATIONTrainingIn
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Data processing included a number o
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Characteristic 2003 KDHS 2007 KAISQ
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Page 30 and 31: Table 1.11c Survey response rates b
Page 32 and 33: Population estimates reported in th
Page 34 and 35: 2.4 HIV PREVALENCE AMONG YOUTHFigur
Page 36 and 37: Figure 2.6b HIV prevalence among ru
Page 38 and 39: 2.7 HIV PREVALENCE BY PROVINCEFigur
Page 40 and 41: Figure 2.7c Estimated number of HIV
Page 42 and 43: 2.9 HIV PREVALENCE BY EDUCATION LEV
Page 44 and 45: Figure 2.10b HIV prevalence among r
Page 46 and 47: 2.11 HIV PREVALENCE BY TIME AWAY FR
Page 48 and 49: 2.13 MALE CIRCUMCISION AND ASSOCIAT
Page 50 and 51: Figure 2.13c HIV prevalence among c
Page 52 and 53: Comparison of HIV Prevalence in the
Page 54 and 55: 3.3 SEXFigure 3.3a HIV prevalence a
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3.4b. HIV prevalence among m
Page 58 and 59: 3.7 PROVINCEFigure 3.7a HIV prevale
Page 60 and 61: 2003 KDHS 1 2007 KAIS 2Marital stat
Page 62 and 63: 3.10 WEALTH INDEXFigure 3.10a HIV p
Page 64 and 65: DATA IN CONTEXT: APPROACHES TO HIV
Page 68 and 69: Figure 4.3c Ever been tested for HI
Page 70 and 71: Figure 4.3e Ever been tested for HI
Page 72 and 73: Figure 4.3g Women aged 15-49 years
Page 74 and 75: Figure 4.4a Time since last HIV tes
Page 76 and 77: Figure 4.5a Reasons for not testing
Page 80 and 81: 4.7. Gaps and unmet needs• Two‐
Page 84 and 85: Figure 5.3b Self-reported HIV statu
Page 86 and 87: This section examines participants
Page 88 and 89: Figure 5.5a Knowledge of HIV status
Page 90 and 91: Figure 5.5c Percent of partnerships
Page 92 and 93: uninfected. A couple was considered
Page 94 and 95: Figure 5.6c Women and men aged 15-6
Page 96 and 97: Sexual Partners, Sexual DebutCircum
Page 98 and 99: Figure 6.3b. HIV prevalence among w
Page 100 and 101: Figure 6.3d. HIV prevalence among w
Page 102 and 103: Figure 6.3f. Men aged 15-64 years r
Page 104 and 105: In this section, “consistent cond
Page 106 and 107: Figure 6.4c. Marital or cohabiting
Page 108 and 109: Figure 6.5b. Young women and men ag
Page 110 and 111: Figure 6.5d. Young women and men ag
Page 112 and 113: Figure 6.6a. Male circumcision amon
Page 114 and 115: Figure 6.6d. HIV prevalence among m
Page 116 and 117: Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs ch
Page 118 and 119: Figure 7.3b. Most common source of
Page 120 and 121: Figure 7.3c Women and men aged 15-6
Page 122 and 123: Figure 7.3e Overall scores for 12 q
Page 124 and 125: Figure 7.3g Women and men aged 15-6
Page 126 and 127: Figure 7.3i Correct responses to se
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• If a female teacher has the AID
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7.5. Perceived risk of HIV infectio
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Figure 7.5c Reasons given for havin
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7.6. Attitudes toward women’s rol
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who had never been tested for HIV o
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8.2 INTRODUCTIONIn the absence of i
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8.3 ANTENATAL CLINIC ATTENDANCE, 20
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8.4 KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TR
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The analysis in this section consid
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Figure 8.5b Women aged 15-49 years
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• Incorrect communication or unde
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8.8 CURRENTLY PREGNANT WOMEN: HIV T
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Among currently pregnant women, 7.1
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Among pregnant, HIV‐uninfected wo
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Figure 8.11b Desire for a child in
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8.12 CONTRACEPTIVE USEThe next figu
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Figure 8.12c Contraceptive use* amo
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Blood and Injection Safety chapter
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D ATA IN C ONTEXT: N ATIONAL B LOOD
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Figure 9.3a Source of blood donatio
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Figure 9.3b Source of blood donatio
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Figure 9.3d Source of blood donatio
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9.4 Blood transfusionsAlthough the
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10080Injec tionsPillsNo preferenceW
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HIV prevalence among adults who rep
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9.6 Gaps and unmet needs• HIV pre
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The Ministry of Medical Services re
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10.3 COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS FOR
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Coverage also varied significantly
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10.4 ARV ELIGIBILITY, COVERAGE AND
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ARV coverage was estimated by takin
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Figure 10.4b ARV coverage among HIV
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DATA IN CONTEXTEstimates of HIV-inf
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10.5 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• The es
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debilitating illness leading to hos
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Among HIV‐infected adults (83.6%
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Figure 11.3d HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.4b HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.4d HIV-infected adults ag
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DATA IN CONTEXTHIV Basic Care Packa
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Figure 11.5b HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.6b Percent of HIV-infecte
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11.8 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Counse
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12.3 HSV-2 prevalenceHSV‐2 preval
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807071.0WomenMen64.3HSV-2 Prevalenc
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Figure 12.3d HSV-2 prevalence among
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Figure 12.4b HSV-2 prevalence among
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Figure 12.5a HIV prevalence by HSV-
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Figure 12.6b Condom use during last
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12.7 Gaps and unmet needs• Increa
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also at substantially elevated risk
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Figure 13.3b Prevalence of syphilis
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Figure 13.3d Prevalence of syphilis
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Figure 13.3f Prevalence of syphilis
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Figure 13.4b Prevalence of syphilis
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13.6 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Patien
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Household Characteristics andImpact
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Figure 14.3a Sex of head of househo
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Figure 14.3d Household population,
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14.5 PREVALENCE OF HIV-AFFECTED HOU
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Figure 14.5c HIV-affected household
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social and economic conditions of h
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households used chemical disinfecta
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14.7 HOUSEHOLD OWNERSHIP OF MOSQUIT
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Figure 14.7b HIV-affected and HIV-u
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Table 14.7b Source of bednets among
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Overall, 52.3% percent of children
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14.9 CARE AND SUPPORT FOR ORPHANS A
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For consistency with other populati
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Returning Test Results15.1 KEY FIND
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Figure 15.3b. Participants aged 15-
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Figure 15.3d. Participants aged 15-
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Figure 15.3f. Participants aged 15-
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15.4 RETURNING TO RECEIVE TEST RESU
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Figure 15.5 Women aged 15-64 years
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Methods of the 2007 KAISThis Append
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ClustersHouseholdsProvince Rural Ur
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and treatment services and other he
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The KEMRI Ethical Review Committee
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Red top (5 ml)Whole blood collected
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algorithm using two HIV EIAs (Viron
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Figure A5.a. Structure and flow of
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Recruitment and training of results
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observe confidentiality of particip
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Documentation. Results counsellors
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Normalisation of weightsNormalised
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This report presents the results of
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