KAIS 2007 1 - Kenya National AIDS & STI Control Programme ...

who had never been tested for HIV or never received the test result (58.9% and 65.6%, respectively). Ingeneral, significantly more men reported being supportive of women’s empowerment, as measured bythe three statements above, than women themselves.7.7. Gaps and unmet need• Knowledge about the potential for HIV discordance in sexualpartnerships was low, as was knowledge of mother‐to‐childtransmission during pregnancy, and knowledge about the efficacy ofcondoms. These are specific gaps in educational campaigns thatneed to be addressed.• HIV/AIDS knowledge was lowest among people who reportedlower education levels, residents of rural areas, and those who hadnot been tested for HIV. There is a need for more targeted, creativeeducational materials and campaigns to reach these populations.• Despite reductions in HIV stigma since 2003, efforts to encourageacceptance of persons with HIV/AIDS should continue, especially interms of embracing an attitude of openness and disclosure about arelative’s HIV status.• Among participants who perceived themselves to have no or smallrisk for HIV infection, 6.2% were confirmed to have HIV. Improvingpeople’s ability to self‐assess their risks for HIV and promotingroutine HIV testing and counseling would help to address this gap.• An estimated one in five adults perceived themselves to havemoderate or great risk of infection; of these, most attributed theirrisk for HIV infection to not using condoms, having multiple sexualpartners, or to their partners having multiple partners. Behaviouralinterventions need to be intensified.• An estimated one in three adults did not indicate comprehensivesupport for a wife’s rights to refuse sex or request a condom if herhusband had another sexual partner or an STI. The promotion ofwomen’s rights to protect their sexual health could help fill this gap.KAIS 2007 136