KAIS 2007 1 - Kenya National AIDS & STI Control Programme ...

Comparison of HIV Prevalence in the chapter 32003 KDHS and 2007 KAIS3.1 KEY FINDINGS• The national HIV prevalence estimate in 2007 was 7.4% among adults aged 15‐49years, compared with 6.7% in 2003. This difference was not statistically significant.• HIV prevalence significantly increased among men living in rural populationsbetween 2003 and 2007.• HIV prevalence tended to increase in five of the eight provinces; these increases weremarginally significant or significant.• Significant changes in HIV prevalence by wealth index and education level wereobserved between 2003 and 2007. Individuals of lower socioeconomic status hadsignificantly higher prevalence in 2007 than in 2003.3.2 INTRODUCTIONPrevious demographic and health surveys were conducted in Kenya in 1989, 1993, 1998 and 2003. The2003 KDHS was the first to include HIV testing in a nationally representative sample of women aged15‐49 years and men aged 15‐54 years. The 2007 KAIS included HIV testing for women and men aged15‐64 years. Thus, to understand changes in HIV prevalence between 2003 and 2007, we comparedHIV prevalence between women and men in the age groups covered in both surveys. Most of thecomparisons presented in this chapter are among women and men aged 15‐49 years.Appendix B.3 provides sample sizes and 95% confidence intervals for estimates presented in thischapter. The z‐test statistic was used to compare the two weighted estimates from the 2003 KDHSand the 2007 KAIS and to determine if differences were statistically significant. Methods used forcalculating the z‐test statistic are described in Appendix A. Throughout the chapter, the termsignificant indicates a p‐value less than 0.05; marginally significant indicates a p‐value between0.05 and 0.10, inclusive; and not significant indicates a p‐value greater than 0.10.KAIS 2007 52