KAIS 2007 1 - Kenya National AIDS & STI Control Programme ...

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KEY FINDINGS: HIV PREVALENCE• Of adults aged 15-64 years, an estimated 7.1%, or 1.42 million people, were living with HIVinfection in 2007. Prevalence among adults aged 15-49 years was 7.4%, and was notstatistically different from the 2003 KDHS estimate (6.7%).• Prevalence among youth aged 15-24 years was 3.8%. Older Kenyans, aged 50-64 years,sometimes considered to have low risk for HIV, had a HIV prevalence of 5.0%.• Women were more likely to be infected (8.4%) than men (5.4%). In particular, young womenaged 15-24 years were four times more likely to be infected (5.6%) than young men of thesame age group (1.4%).• There was wide regional variation in HIV prevalence among adults aged 15-64 years, rangingfrom 14.9% in Nyanza province to 0.8% in North Eastern province.• HIV prevalence among uncircumcised men aged 15-64 years was three times greater thanamong circumcised men (13.2% vs. 3.9%, respectively).Prevalence of HIV and trendsNational HIV prevalence was estimated to be 7.1% among adults aged 15‐64 years. Women weremore likely to be infected (8.4%) than men (5.4%), and young women aged 15‐24 years were fourtimes more likely to be infected (5.6%) than young men of the same age group (1.4%). The overallHIV prevalence in adults aged 50‐64 was 5.0%. Significant differences in HIV prevalence werefound across provinces. HIV prevalence among adults aged 15‐64 years in urban areas was 8.4%and in rural areas was 6.7%. An estimated 1,027,000 adults living with HIV in Kenya resided inrural areas, and 390,000 lived in urban areas. Of all HIV‐infected adults aged 15‐64 years, overhalf (51.4%) lived in Nyanza and Rift Valley provinces.The 2003 KDHS surveyed women and men aged 15‐49 years and estimated that 6.7% of thispopulation was infected with HIV in 2003. In the 2007 KAIS, HIV prevalence among those aged15‐49 years was 7.4% and was not statistically different from the 2003 estimate. HIV prevalenceamong adults aged 15‐49 years in urban areas decreased from 10.0% in the 2003 KDHS to 8.7% inKAIS, while HIV prevalence in rural areas increased from 5.6% to 7.0%; these differences were notstatistically significant.KAIS 2007 9
Page 1 and 2: KAIS 2007 1
Page 4 and 5: P.O. Box: 9361 Code: 00202 Nairobi,
Page 6: KEMRIKNASPKNBSKshLLITNMCHmlμLMOMSM
Page 11 and 12: Number of sexual partners, inconsis
Page 13 and 14: those unaware (51.2% and 22.9%, res
Page 15: Introduction, Overview of Methodsan
Page 18 and 19: assent were both required for parti
Page 20: the survey for any chronically ill
Page 23 and 24: FieldworkA total of 29 field teams,
Page 25 and 26: significant indicates a p‐value b
Page 27 and 28: HIV testing was performed using ant
Page 29 and 30: Individual interview response rate
Page 31 and 32: Prevalence of HIV2.1 KEY FINDINGS
Page 33 and 34: 1513.3WomenMen11.2HIV Prevalence (W
Page 35 and 36: Figure 2.6a HIV prevalence among wo
Page 37 and 38: Figure 2.6c Estimated number of HIV
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2.7b HIV prevalence among ru
Page 41 and 42: 2.8 HIV PREVALENCE BY MARITAL STATU
Page 43 and 44: 2.10 HIV PREVALENCE BY WEALTH INDEX
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.10c HIV prevalence among w
Page 47 and 48: 2.12 HIV PREVALENCE BY RELIGIOUS AF
Page 49 and 50: Figure 2.13b HIV prevalence among c
Page 51 and 52: 2.14 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• The ep
Page 53 and 54: DATA IN CONTEXTUNDERSTANDING STATIS
Page 55 and 56: When comparing HIV prevalence by fi
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3.6 RESIDENCEFigure 3.6a HIV preval
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Figure 3.8a HIV prevalence by curre
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3.9 EDUCATION LEVELFigure 3.9a HIV
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3.11 AGE OF SEXUAL DEBUTFigure 3.11
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HIV Testing chapter 44.1. Key findi
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Among all respondents, the percent
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Figure 4.3d Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.3f Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.3h Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.4b Ever been tested among
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Figure 4.5b HIV prevalence among wo
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tested for HIV (86.0%) and those wh
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Knowledge and Disclosure of HIV Sta
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Figure 5.3a Self-reported HIV statu
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Figure 5.3c Self-reported HIV statu
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Figure 5.4a Partnerships in which a
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Figure 5.5b Percent of partnerhips
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5.6. HIV-concordance and -discordan
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Figure 5.6b HIV status of primary p
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5.7. Gaps and unmet needs• LACK O
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6.3. Number of lifetime sexual part
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Figure 6.3c. Women and men aged 15-
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Figure 6.3e. Women aged 15-64 years
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Figure 6.3g. Women and men aged 15-
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Figure 6.4b. Partnerships in which
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6.5. Age at First Sex among Youth A
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Figure 6.5c. Young women and men ag
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Figure 6.5e. HIV prevalence among y
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Figure 6.6c. HIV prevalence among m
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6.7. Gaps and unmet needs• Few mu
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7.3 Knowledge of HIV/AIDSNearly all
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Data in Context: HIV transmission k
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The percent of women providing corr
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Figure 7.3f Women and men aged 15-6
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Figure 7.3h Correct responses to se
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7.4. Stigma toward HIV-infected per
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Figure 7.4c Accepting attitudes tow
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Figure 7.5b HIV prevalence among wo
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Figure 7.5d Reasons given for havin
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The majority of men agreed that if
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Prevention of Mother-to-ChildTransm
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This chapter describes the findings
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Figure 8.3b Place of ANC attendance
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Figure 8.4b Knowledge of ART for PM
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4D ATA I N C ONTEXTANC Sentinel Sur
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The next figure focuses on HIV‐in
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8.7 CURRENTLY PREGNANT WOMEN: ANC C
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8.9 CURRENTLY PREGNANT WOMEN: HIV,
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8.10 HIV STATUS AND SEXUAL PARTNERS
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8.11 FERTILITY DESIRESOnly women wh
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Figure 8.11c Desire for a child in
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Figure 8.12b Contraceptive use* amo
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8.12 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Althou
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Regular, voluntary, non‐remunerat
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9.3 Blood donationsThe section rela
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D ATA IN C ONTEXTDifferences in the
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Figure 9.3c Source of blood donatio
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Figure 9.3e HIV prevalence among ad
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Figure 9.4b HIV prevalence among ad
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Of respondents who reported a medic
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Figure 9.5d HIV prevalence among ad
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Care and Treatment of AdultsInfecte
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Appendix B.10 provides sample sizes
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ash, bone marrow toxicity, and live
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Figure 10.3d Source* of cotrimoxazo
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The Ministry of Medical Services ha
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Overall, national ARV coverage was
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Figure 10.4c Estimated number of HI
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Figure 10.4d HIV-infected adults ag
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Health Care Utilization, Tuberculos
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OUTPATIENT SERVICESFigure 11.3a Adu
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As with outpatient services, the pu
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one of the leading causes of mortal
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Figure 11.4c HIV prevalence among a
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Figure 11.4e Cotrimoxazole coverage
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Figure 11.5a HIV-infected adults ag
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presented in this section include o
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11.7 PREVENTIVE SERVICES FOR PEOPLE
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• Overall, 35.1% of adults were i
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DATA IN CONTEXTHSV-2 AND HIV IN THE
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Figure 12.3c HSV-2 prevalence among
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Figure 12.4a HSV-2 prevalence among
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45.040.038.835.0HSV-2 Prevalence (W
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79.1% of all HIV-discordant couples
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Figure 12.6c Consistent condom use
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Prevalence of Syphilis andCo-infect
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13.3 SYPHILIS PREVALENCEOverall, 1.
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Figure 13.3c Prevalence of syphilis
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Figure 13.3e Prevalence of syphilis
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13.4 ACQUIRING AND TRANSMITTING SYP
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13.5 HIV AND HSV-2 PREVALENCE BY SY
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KAIS 2007 240
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survivorship and living arrangement
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Figure 14.3c Mean size of household
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14.4 BIRTH REGISTRATIONThe GOK issu
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No significant association was obse
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Figure 14.5d CD4 cell category and
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different in urban areas, with only
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Figure 14.6d Type of household toil
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Figure 14.7a Households that owned
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households owned 1.3 nets per house
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more than three years old. Eight‐
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Table 14.8b presents findings on or
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KAIS 2007 included questions about
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households that received no support
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15.3 PARTICIPANTS WHO RETURNED FOR
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Figure 15.3c Participants aged 15-6
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Figure 15.3e Participants aged 15-6
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Figure 15.3g Participants aged 15-6
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Figure 15.4b HIV-infected participa
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15.6 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• An est
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sampling unit for Kenya’s master
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An equal probability systematic sam
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in the laboratory and to issue vouc
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an additional 2 ml of blood was col
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DNA v1.5) was conducted at the KEMR
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facility‐based approach in which
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Table A5. Results formats for labor
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HIV and STI, an explanation of the
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Figure A5.c Sample laboratory test
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Design weightsThe 2007 KAIS sample
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Table A6.e Estimated number of wome
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KAIS 2007 303
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