KAIS 2007 1 - Kenya National AIDS & STI Control Programme ...

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KAIS 2007 included questions about care and support that was given to households withOVCs. The study gathered information on whether orphans were supported with any freeexternal support (other than from family and friends) for medical needs, such as medicalcare, supplies or medicine; emotional or psychosocial needs such as companionship, orspiritual support; material needs, such as clothing, food or financial support; social orpractical needs, such as assistance with housework or legal services; or for schooling needsin the case of OVCs aged 5 years and older.Among all OVCs, 21.4% lived in households that received at least one type of free, externalsupport to help care for the OVCs. The majority of OVCs and their households, 78.6%, hadnot received any type of support. Very few no households (0.03%) had received all types ofsupport. OVCs were more likely to receive emotional support (12.1%) or school support(12.2%) as compared to medical support (4.6%) or practical support (3.3%). Levels of supportwere similar across age groups and sex, but differed significantly by residence and byprovince. A significantly higher percent of OVCs in rural areas lived in households thatreceived emotional support (13.2%) and social or practical support (3.9%) compared to OVCsin urban areas (5.0% and 0.92%, respectively). Compared to other provinces, Centralprovince (36.9%) had the highest percent of OVCs living in households that received any ofthe five types of support (four types among 0‐4 year olds) and Coast province had the lowestpercent (12.4%). In Central province more than one‐third of OVCs (36.0%) age 5 years orolder received school support. In North Eastern province, levels of medical support (20.7%),material support (21.3%) and school support (24.3%) for OVCs were notably high though thenumber of observations was too small to draw conclusions for this province.14.10 CARE AND SUPPORT FOR CHRONICALLY ILL ADULTSIn this section, we present findings from the 2007 KAIS on care and support for chronically illadults, defined as adults aged 18‐64 years who were very ill for three or more months during the12 months preceding the survey. For purposes of the survey, very ill was defined as being toosick to work or do normal activities. Table 14.10 shows the percentage of women and men whowere chronically ill whose households received free, external support to help caring for thesehouseholds members within the 12 months preceding the survey. Four types of support werecaptured by the survey: medical support, such as medical care, supplies or medicine;emotional or psychosocial support such as companionship, or spiritual counseling; materialsupport, such as clothing, food or financial support; and social or practical support, such asassistance with housework, caregiver training or legal services.It should be noted that although the intent of this module within the household questionnairewas to obtain data on the extent of care and support provided to those sick with HIV‐ and AIDSrelatedillness, data from the survey indicate that only 21.4% of adults who were reported tohave been very ill for at least three months out of the 12 months preceding the survey were HIVinfectedaccording to KAIS testing results.KAIS 2007 264
For consistency with other population‐based surveys that capture and present data onchronically ill adults, Table 14.10 is limited to the 94.4% of all reported chronically sick adults forwhom complete care and support information was available.Overall, 2.4% of adults aged 18‐64 years were reported as chronically ill by the head ofhousehold. The survey shows that 3.9% of rural households and 1.8% of urban householdsreported at least one sick adult (data not shown).Table 14.10 External support for chronically ill adults, Kenya 2007.Type of external support received by households with chronically ill adults aged 18-64 years in the12 months preceding the survey (%):BackgroundcharacteristicsMedicalsupportEmotionalsupportMaterialsupportSocial/practicalsupportAnysupportNosupportAll types ofsupportAge group18-19 * * * * * * *20-29 10.0 20.5 10.0 5.0 30.7 69.3 0.930-39 14.0 24.7 7.9 6.2 34.1 65.9 0.040-49 7.0 27.9 6.9 7.1 30.7 69.3 2.250-59 15.4 25.7 8.2 13.8 37.0 63.0 3.560+ 17.3 38.5 4.2 0.0 47.1 52.9 0.0SexMale 10.4 27.7 8.3 5.3 34.5 65.5 1.3Female 12.8 25.3 7.4 8.2 34.6 65.4 1.6ResidenceRural 11.4 26.7 7.2 7.9 34.2 65.8 1.5Urban 14.8 23.4 10.0 4.7 36.1 63.9 1.3ProvinceNairobi 20.3 18.4 2.9 7.6 43.1 56.9 0.0Central 13.9 49.7 20.1 12.7 58.3 41.7 3.6Coast 16.3 23.4 13.2 1.8 34.3 65.7 0.0Eastern 9.0 28.2 8.8 2.6 36.7 63.3 1.3North Eastern * * * * * * *Nyanza 9.0 22.4 3.9 3.3 25.6 74.4 1.2Rift Valley 15.0 20.1 6.5 12.2 32.5 67.5 1.6Western 10.5 29.6 7.3 9.4 34.9 65.1 1.7Total 12.1 26.1 7.7 7.3 34.6 65.4 1.5* Estimates not presented due to small denominators of less than 25 observations in this category.According to the 2007 KAIS findings, 12.1% of chronically ill adults lived in households thatreceived medical support, 26.1% received emotional or psychosocial support, 7.7% receivedmaterial support and 7.3% of received some form of social or practical support. Less than twopercent (1.5%) received all types of support and 65.4% of chronically ill adults lived inKAIS 2007 265
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KAIS 2007 1
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P.O. Box: 9361 Code: 00202 Nairobi,
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KEMRIKNASPKNBSKshLLITNMCHmlμLMOMSM
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KEY FINDINGS: HIV PREVENTION• Amo
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Among HIV‐uninfected women, 71.2%
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Men 5.4 26.3 1.9Total 7.1 35.1 1.8O
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Kenya is also committed to the “T
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Table 1.4 Distribution of sampled c
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1.7 SURVEY IMPLEMENTATIONTrainingIn
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Data processing included a number o
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Characteristic 2003 KDHS 2007 KAISQ
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Figure 1.11 Sampled clusters and el
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Table 1.11c Survey response rates b
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Population estimates reported in th
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2.4 HIV PREVALENCE AMONG YOUTHFigur
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Figure 2.6b HIV prevalence among ru
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2.7 HIV PREVALENCE BY PROVINCEFigur
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Figure 2.7c Estimated number of HIV
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2.9 HIV PREVALENCE BY EDUCATION LEV
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Figure 2.10b HIV prevalence among r
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2.11 HIV PREVALENCE BY TIME AWAY FR
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2.13 MALE CIRCUMCISION AND ASSOCIAT
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Figure 2.13c HIV prevalence among c
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Comparison of HIV Prevalence in the
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3.3 SEXFigure 3.3a HIV prevalence a
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Figure 3.4b. HIV prevalence among m
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3.7 PROVINCEFigure 3.7a HIV prevale
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2003 KDHS 1 2007 KAIS 2Marital stat
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3.10 WEALTH INDEXFigure 3.10a HIV p
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DATA IN CONTEXT: APPROACHES TO HIV
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Figure 4.3c Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.3e Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.3g Women aged 15-49 years
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Figure 4.4a Time since last HIV tes
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Figure 4.5a Reasons for not testing
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Increasing access to HIV testing wi
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4.7. Gaps and unmet needs• Two‐
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Figure 5.3b Self-reported HIV statu
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This section examines participants
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Figure 5.5a Knowledge of HIV status
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Figure 5.5c Percent of partnerships
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uninfected. A couple was considered
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Figure 5.6c Women and men aged 15-6
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Sexual Partners, Sexual DebutCircum
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Figure 6.3b. HIV prevalence among w
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Figure 6.3d. HIV prevalence among w
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Figure 6.3f. Men aged 15-64 years r
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In this section, “consistent cond
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Figure 6.4c. Marital or cohabiting
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Figure 6.5b. Young women and men ag
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Figure 6.5d. Young women and men ag
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Figure 6.6a. Male circumcision amon
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Figure 6.6d. HIV prevalence among m
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs ch
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Figure 7.3b. Most common source of
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Figure 7.3c Women and men aged 15-6
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Figure 7.3e Overall scores for 12 q
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Figure 7.3g Women and men aged 15-6
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Figure 7.3i Correct responses to se
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• If a female teacher has the AID
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7.5. Perceived risk of HIV infectio
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Figure 7.5c Reasons given for havin
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7.6. Attitudes toward women’s rol
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who had never been tested for HIV o
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8.2 INTRODUCTIONIn the absence of i
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8.3 ANTENATAL CLINIC ATTENDANCE, 20
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8.4 KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TR
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The analysis in this section consid
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Figure 8.5b Women aged 15-49 years
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• Incorrect communication or unde
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8.8 CURRENTLY PREGNANT WOMEN: HIV T
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Among currently pregnant women, 7.1
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Among pregnant, HIV‐uninfected wo
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Figure 8.11b Desire for a child in
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8.12 CONTRACEPTIVE USEThe next figu
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Figure 8.12c Contraceptive use* amo
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Blood and Injection Safety chapter
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D ATA IN C ONTEXT: N ATIONAL B LOOD
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Figure 9.3a Source of blood donatio
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Figure 9.3b Source of blood donatio
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Figure 9.3d Source of blood donatio
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9.4 Blood transfusionsAlthough the
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10080Injec tionsPillsNo preferenceW
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HIV prevalence among adults who rep
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9.6 Gaps and unmet needs• HIV pre
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The Ministry of Medical Services re
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10.3 COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS FOR
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Coverage also varied significantly
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10.4 ARV ELIGIBILITY, COVERAGE AND
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ARV coverage was estimated by takin
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Figure 10.4b ARV coverage among HIV
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DATA IN CONTEXTEstimates of HIV-inf
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10.5 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• The es
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debilitating illness leading to hos
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Among HIV‐infected adults (83.6%
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Figure 11.3d HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.4b HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.4d HIV-infected adults ag
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DATA IN CONTEXTHIV Basic Care Packa
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Figure 11.5b HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.6b Percent of HIV-infecte
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Page 215 and 216: 12.3 HSV-2 prevalenceHSV‐2 preval
Page 217 and 218: 807071.0WomenMen64.3HSV-2 Prevalenc
Page 219 and 220: Figure 12.3d HSV-2 prevalence among
Page 221 and 222: Figure 12.4b HSV-2 prevalence among
Page 223 and 224: Figure 12.5a HIV prevalence by HSV-
Page 225 and 226: Figure 12.6b Condom use during last
Page 227 and 228: 12.7 Gaps and unmet needs• Increa
Page 229 and 230: also at substantially elevated risk
Page 231 and 232: Figure 13.3b Prevalence of syphilis
Page 233 and 234: Figure 13.3d Prevalence of syphilis
Page 235 and 236: Figure 13.3f Prevalence of syphilis
Page 237 and 238: Figure 13.4b Prevalence of syphilis
Page 239 and 240: 13.6 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Patien
Page 241 and 242: Household Characteristics andImpact
Page 243 and 244: Figure 14.3a Sex of head of househo
Page 245 and 246: Figure 14.3d Household population,
Page 247 and 248: 14.5 PREVALENCE OF HIV-AFFECTED HOU
Page 249 and 250: Figure 14.5c HIV-affected household
Page 251 and 252: social and economic conditions of h
Page 253 and 254: households used chemical disinfecta
Page 255 and 256: 14.7 HOUSEHOLD OWNERSHIP OF MOSQUIT
Page 257 and 258: Figure 14.7b HIV-affected and HIV-u
Page 259 and 260: Table 14.7b Source of bednets among
Page 261 and 262: Overall, 52.3% percent of children
Page 263: 14.9 CARE AND SUPPORT FOR ORPHANS A
Page 267: Returning Test Results15.1 KEY FIND
Page 270 and 271: Figure 15.3b. Participants aged 15-
Page 272 and 273: Figure 15.3d. Participants aged 15-
Page 274 and 275: Figure 15.3f. Participants aged 15-
Page 276 and 277: 15.4 RETURNING TO RECEIVE TEST RESU
Page 278 and 279: Figure 15.5 Women aged 15-64 years
Page 280 and 281: Methods of the 2007 KAISThis Append
Page 282 and 283: ClustersHouseholdsProvince Rural Ur
Page 284 and 285: and treatment services and other he
Page 286 and 287: The KEMRI Ethical Review Committee
Page 288 and 289: Red top (5 ml)Whole blood collected
Page 290 and 291: algorithm using two HIV EIAs (Viron
Page 292 and 293: Figure A5.a. Structure and flow of
Page 294 and 295: Recruitment and training of results
Page 296 and 297: observe confidentiality of particip
Page 298 and 299: Documentation. Results counsellors
Page 300 and 301: Normalisation of weightsNormalised
Page 302 and 303: This report presents the results of
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