KAIS 2007 1 - Kenya National AIDS & STI Control Programme ...

Appendix B.10 provides sample sizes and 95% confidence intervals for estimates presented in thischapter. Throughout the chapter, the term significant indicates a chi‐square p‐value less than 0.05;marginally significant indicates a p‐value between 0.05 and 0.10, inclusive; and not significantindicates a p‐value greater than 0.10.Population estimates reported in this chapter were calculated based on the 2007 projected populationby province, age and sex reported in the Revised Population Projections for Kenya 2000‐2020, KenyaNational Bureau of Statistics (August 2006).Weighted national estimates for selected indicators from the2007 KAIS were used in these calculations. Detailed methods used for calculating population estimatesare described in Appendix A.WHO Clinical Staging 3DATA IN CONTEXTWHO clinical staging of HIV-related disease for adults and children is designed to be used onceHIV infection has been confirmed with an antibody or a virologic test. It is a universal four-stagesystem that includes simplified, standardized descriptors of clinical staging events related tosurvival, prognosis and progression of clinical disease without antiretroviral therapy. It assists inclinical management of HIV, especially where there is limited laboratory capacity.The clinical stage is useful for assessment at baseline (first diagnosis of HIV infection) or entryinto long-term HIV care and in the follow-up of patients in care and treatment programmes. Itshould be used, in conjunction with immunological classification whenever available, to guidedecisions on when to start HIV-related interventions, including when to start ARVs and to assessclinical response to therapy in the absence of appropriate laboratory testing.WHO Clinical Staging of Established HIV Infection.WHO Clinical StageHIV-associated SymptomsIAsymptomaticIIMild symptomsIIIAdvanced symptomsIVSevere symptoms33WHO case definitions of HIV for surveillance, revised clinical staging, and immunological classification of HIV‐relateddisease in adults and children, 2007.KAIS 2007 182