KAIS 2007 1 - Kenya National AIDS & STI Control Programme ...

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Table 14.8b presents findings on orphanoond among children aged 0‐17 years. Overall,11.1% of children 0‐17 years of age were orphans, translating to an estimated 1.78 millionchildren orphaned nationwide. There were no significant differences by sex of the child, butthe percent of children orphaned varied significantly with age, residence, and province. Thepercentage orphaned increased with age from 7.8% among 0‐4 year olds to 21.5% among 15‐17 year olds. In rural areas, 11.5% of children were orphaned compared to 8.6% of children inurban areas. Nyanza province had the highest percent of children orphaned at 20.9% andNorth Eastern province had the lowest percent at 6.6%, compared to other provinces (7.4%‐11.7%). This means that nearly two times as many children under 18 years of age wereorphaned in Nyanza province as compared to the national level.Similar to other population‐based surveys, including the 2003 KDHS, a vulnerable child wasdefined as a child aged 0‐17 years living in household in which an adult aged 18‐64 yearshad either been very ill for at least three of the 12 months preceding the survey; living in ahousehold where an adult had died in the 12 months preceding the survey; or a child whosemother or father was not living in the same household but had been very ill (too sick to workor do normal activities) for at least three months of 12 months preceding the survey. A childcould be counted in one or all three of these categories (chronically ill adult, adult death inhousehold or chronically ill parent). Additionally, a child could be considered both anorphan and a vulnerable child, but was only counted once in the overall orphan orvulnerable child (OVC) category in Table 14.8b.Four percent (4.0%) of children under the age of 18 years had a chronically ill parent living inanother household, 1.8% had a household death in the 12 months prior to the survey, and5.5% had a chronically ill adult in the household. Overall, 5.7% of children under 18 years ofage were vulnerable children and 15.8% of all children were OVCs based on the definitionsprovided in this section. Similar patterns to those observed for orphans were observed forOVCs. Children in female‐headed households were significantly more likely to be OVCsthan those in male‐headed households (25.0% compared to 11.4%, respectively). Asignificantly higher percent of children in Nyanza (29.3%) were OVCs compared to childrenin other provinces (8.7%‐16.4%). Children in rural areas were marginally more likely to beOVCs than children in urban areas (16.9% versus 14.5%, respectively). The percent ofchildren who were OVC differed greatly across age groups, from 9.7% among children 0‐4years of age to 28.4% of children aged 15‐17 years.KAIS 2007 262
14.9 CARE AND SUPPORT FOR ORPHANS AND VULNERABLECHILDRENAmong all households in Kenya, 18.4% included an OVC and 11.4% included more than oneOVC. Among households with at least one OVC, 38.2% had one OVC and 61.8% includedmore than one OVC (data not shown).Of the 11.0% HIV‐affected households in the survey, 79.9% had at least one child under the ageof 18 years, out of which 36.5% had at least one OVC. Among the unaffected households, 75.2%had at least one child, out of which a significantly lower percent had at least one OVC (19.4%).For consistency with other population‐based surveys that capture and present data on care andsupport for OVCs, Table 14.9 is limited to the 84.4% of all reported OVCs for whom completecare and support information was available.Table 14.9 External support for orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), Kenya 2007.Type of external support received by households with OVCaged 0-17 years in the 12 months preceding the survey (%):Schoolsupport(ages 5Social/ yearsEmotional Material practical and Any Nosupport support support older) support supportAlltypes ofsupportBackgroundcharacteristicsMedicalsupportAge group0-4 5.4 15.1 9.7 4.9 n/a 19.7 80.3 0.005-9 5.8 12.0 8.4 2.9 12.5 22.7 77.3 0.0710-14 3.2 11.8 7.7 3.0 11.9 21.5 78.5 0.0015-17 4.9 9.4 8.9 2.7 12.6 20.8 79.2 0.08
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KAIS 2007 1
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P.O. Box: 9361 Code: 00202 Nairobi,
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KEMRIKNASPKNBSKshLLITNMCHmlμLMOMSM
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KEY FINDINGS: HIV PREVENTION• Amo
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Among HIV‐uninfected women, 71.2%
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Men 5.4 26.3 1.9Total 7.1 35.1 1.8O
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Kenya is also committed to the “T
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Table 1.4 Distribution of sampled c
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1.7 SURVEY IMPLEMENTATIONTrainingIn
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Data processing included a number o
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Characteristic 2003 KDHS 2007 KAISQ
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Figure 1.11 Sampled clusters and el
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Table 1.11c Survey response rates b
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Population estimates reported in th
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2.4 HIV PREVALENCE AMONG YOUTHFigur
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Figure 2.6b HIV prevalence among ru
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2.7 HIV PREVALENCE BY PROVINCEFigur
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Figure 2.7c Estimated number of HIV
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2.9 HIV PREVALENCE BY EDUCATION LEV
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Figure 2.10b HIV prevalence among r
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2.11 HIV PREVALENCE BY TIME AWAY FR
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2.13 MALE CIRCUMCISION AND ASSOCIAT
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Figure 2.13c HIV prevalence among c
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Comparison of HIV Prevalence in the
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3.3 SEXFigure 3.3a HIV prevalence a
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Figure 3.4b. HIV prevalence among m
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3.7 PROVINCEFigure 3.7a HIV prevale
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2003 KDHS 1 2007 KAIS 2Marital stat
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3.10 WEALTH INDEXFigure 3.10a HIV p
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DATA IN CONTEXT: APPROACHES TO HIV
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Figure 4.3c Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.3e Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.3g Women aged 15-49 years
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Figure 4.4a Time since last HIV tes
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Figure 4.5a Reasons for not testing
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Increasing access to HIV testing wi
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4.7. Gaps and unmet needs• Two‐
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Figure 5.3b Self-reported HIV statu
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This section examines participants
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Figure 5.5a Knowledge of HIV status
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Figure 5.5c Percent of partnerships
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uninfected. A couple was considered
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Figure 5.6c Women and men aged 15-6
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Sexual Partners, Sexual DebutCircum
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Figure 6.3b. HIV prevalence among w
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Figure 6.3d. HIV prevalence among w
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Figure 6.3f. Men aged 15-64 years r
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In this section, “consistent cond
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Figure 6.4c. Marital or cohabiting
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Figure 6.5b. Young women and men ag
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Figure 6.5d. Young women and men ag
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Figure 6.6a. Male circumcision amon
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Figure 6.6d. HIV prevalence among m
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs ch
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Figure 7.3b. Most common source of
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Figure 7.3c Women and men aged 15-6
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Figure 7.3e Overall scores for 12 q
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Figure 7.3g Women and men aged 15-6
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Figure 7.3i Correct responses to se
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• If a female teacher has the AID
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7.5. Perceived risk of HIV infectio
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Figure 7.5c Reasons given for havin
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7.6. Attitudes toward women’s rol
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who had never been tested for HIV o
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8.2 INTRODUCTIONIn the absence of i
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8.3 ANTENATAL CLINIC ATTENDANCE, 20
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8.4 KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TR
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The analysis in this section consid
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Figure 8.5b Women aged 15-49 years
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• Incorrect communication or unde
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8.8 CURRENTLY PREGNANT WOMEN: HIV T
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Among currently pregnant women, 7.1
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Among pregnant, HIV‐uninfected wo
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Figure 8.11b Desire for a child in
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8.12 CONTRACEPTIVE USEThe next figu
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Figure 8.12c Contraceptive use* amo
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Blood and Injection Safety chapter
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D ATA IN C ONTEXT: N ATIONAL B LOOD
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Figure 9.3a Source of blood donatio
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Figure 9.3b Source of blood donatio
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Figure 9.3d Source of blood donatio
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9.4 Blood transfusionsAlthough the
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10080Injec tionsPillsNo preferenceW
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HIV prevalence among adults who rep
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9.6 Gaps and unmet needs• HIV pre
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The Ministry of Medical Services re
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10.3 COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS FOR
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Coverage also varied significantly
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10.4 ARV ELIGIBILITY, COVERAGE AND
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ARV coverage was estimated by takin
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Figure 10.4b ARV coverage among HIV
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DATA IN CONTEXTEstimates of HIV-inf
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10.5 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• The es
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debilitating illness leading to hos
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Among HIV‐infected adults (83.6%
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Figure 11.3d HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.4b HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.4d HIV-infected adults ag
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DATA IN CONTEXTHIV Basic Care Packa
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Figure 11.5b HIV-infected adults ag
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Page 215 and 216: 12.3 HSV-2 prevalenceHSV‐2 preval
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Page 221 and 222: Figure 12.4b HSV-2 prevalence among
Page 223 and 224: Figure 12.5a HIV prevalence by HSV-
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Page 231 and 232: Figure 13.3b Prevalence of syphilis
Page 233 and 234: Figure 13.3d Prevalence of syphilis
Page 235 and 236: Figure 13.3f Prevalence of syphilis
Page 237 and 238: Figure 13.4b Prevalence of syphilis
Page 239 and 240: 13.6 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Patien
Page 241 and 242: Household Characteristics andImpact
Page 243 and 244: Figure 14.3a Sex of head of househo
Page 245 and 246: Figure 14.3d Household population,
Page 247 and 248: 14.5 PREVALENCE OF HIV-AFFECTED HOU
Page 249 and 250: Figure 14.5c HIV-affected household
Page 251 and 252: social and economic conditions of h
Page 253 and 254: households used chemical disinfecta
Page 255 and 256: 14.7 HOUSEHOLD OWNERSHIP OF MOSQUIT
Page 257 and 258: Figure 14.7b HIV-affected and HIV-u
Page 259 and 260: Table 14.7b Source of bednets among
Page 261: Overall, 52.3% percent of children
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Page 267: Returning Test Results15.1 KEY FIND
Page 270 and 271: Figure 15.3b. Participants aged 15-
Page 272 and 273: Figure 15.3d. Participants aged 15-
Page 274 and 275: Figure 15.3f. Participants aged 15-
Page 276 and 277: 15.4 RETURNING TO RECEIVE TEST RESU
Page 278 and 279: Figure 15.5 Women aged 15-64 years
Page 280 and 281: Methods of the 2007 KAISThis Append
Page 282 and 283: ClustersHouseholdsProvince Rural Ur
Page 284 and 285: and treatment services and other he
Page 286 and 287: The KEMRI Ethical Review Committee
Page 288 and 289: Red top (5 ml)Whole blood collected
Page 290 and 291: algorithm using two HIV EIAs (Viron
Page 292 and 293: Figure A5.a. Structure and flow of
Page 294 and 295: Recruitment and training of results
Page 296 and 297: observe confidentiality of particip
Page 298 and 299: Documentation. Results counsellors
Page 300 and 301: Normalisation of weightsNormalised
Page 302 and 303: This report presents the results of
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