KAIS 2007 1 - Kenya National AIDS & STI Control Programme ...

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3.3 SEXFigure 3.3a HIV prevalence among women and men aged 15-49 years, 2003 KDHS and 2007KAIS.1210KDHS 2003KAIS 20078.78.8HIV Prevalence (Weighted %)8644.65.56.77.420Women Men TotalSexFigure 3.3a. HIV prevalence was not significantly different in 2003 and 2007.The 2007 KAIS estimate of national HIV prevalence for adults aged 15‐49 years was 7.4% (95% CI: 6.7%‐ 8.1%). The 2003 KDHS estimated that 6.7% (95% CI: 5.8% ‐ 7.6%) of adults in this age group wereinfected with HIV. The 2007 KAIS national prevalence was not significantly higher than the 2003KDHS national prevalence. The overlapping confidence intervals indicate that HIV prevalenceremained more or less stable between 2003 and 2007. In the 2003 KDHS, 8.7% of women and 4.6% ofmen were infected compared to 8.8% of women and 5.5% of men in the 2007 KAIS.DATA IN CONTEXTHIV Serologic Testing in 2003 KDHS and 2007 KAISIn the 2007 KAIS, HIV testing was performed using antibody/antigen assays, compared toantibody-only assays in the 2003 KDHS. The antibody/antigen approach is more sensitive forcapturing recent infections and was utilized in KAIS for consistency with Government of KenyaHIV testing programs at the time of the survey. Differences between these assays are small inpopulations with relatively low incidence such as Kenya, which had an estimated HIVincidence of 0.83% (95% CI: 0.80% and 0.85%) in 2007, according to GOK estimates using3.4 UNAIDS AGE Estimation GROUP and AND Projection SEX Package (EPP)/Spectrum software. Point estimatescalculated from results of the two testing approaches may differ but are likely to fall withinsimilar 95% confidence intervals.KAIS 2007 54
When comparing HIV prevalence by five‐year age groups in the 2007 KAIS to the 2003 KDHS, it isimportant to consider that a majority of the people aged 15‐24 years in the 2003 KDHS joined the 25‐29year old age group in the 2007 KAIS due to the four‐year time period between the two surveys. Thus,to determine if prevalence in the cohort of 15‐19 year olds in the 2003 KDHS had changed in 2007KAIS, one would need to compare the prevalence for this age group in 2003 to that of the 20‐24 agegroup in 2007. Changes in prevalence for a particular age group between the two surveys wereinfluenced by the number of newly infected persons, number of deaths, and access to antiretroviraltherapy (ART), among other factors.Figure 3.4a HIV prevalence among women by five-year age group, 2003 KDHS and2007 KAIS.18162003 KDHS2007 KAISHIV Prevalence (Weighted %)1412108643.53.09.07.412.910.213.311.7 11.811.29.59.43.98.8 8.78.82015-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 TotalAge Group (years)Figure 3.4a. Comparing 2003 and 2007, there were no significant differences in HIVprevalence across all age groups of women.In the 2003 KDHS, the HIV prevalence peaked among women aged 25‐29 years (12.9%), while in the2007 KAIS prevalence peaked in women aged 30‐34 years (13.3%). This was probably because most ofthe women in 2003 who were 25‐29 years old and HIV‐infected moved into the 30‐34 year age group in2007. There was a significant increase in HIV prevalence among women who were 15‐19 years old inthe 2003 KDHS and 20‐24 years old in the 2007 KAIS from 3.0% to 7.4%, which indicates that somewomen in this cohort may have become newly infected between 2003 and 2007. Other changes in fiveyearage cohorts, such as apparent increases in HIV prevalence from the 20‐24 year age group in the2003 KDHS to the 25‐29 year age group in the 2007 KAIS and decreases in HIV prevalence from the 35‐39 year age group in the 2003 DHS to the 40‐44 year age group in the 2007 KAIS were not significant.KAIS 2007 55
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KAIS 2007 1
Page 4 and 5: P.O. Box: 9361 Code: 00202 Nairobi,
Page 6: KEMRIKNASPKNBSKshLLITNMCHmlμLMOMSM
Page 10 and 11: KEY FINDINGS: HIV PREVENTION• Amo
Page 12 and 13: Among HIV‐uninfected women, 71.2%
Page 14 and 15: Men 5.4 26.3 1.9Total 7.1 35.1 1.8O
Page 17 and 18: Kenya is also committed to the “T
Page 19 and 20: Table 1.4 Distribution of sampled c
Page 22 and 23: 1.7 SURVEY IMPLEMENTATIONTrainingIn
Page 24 and 25: Data processing included a number o
Page 26 and 27: Characteristic 2003 KDHS 2007 KAISQ
Page 28 and 29: Figure 1.11 Sampled clusters and el
Page 30 and 31: Table 1.11c Survey response rates b
Page 32 and 33: Population estimates reported in th
Page 34 and 35: 2.4 HIV PREVALENCE AMONG YOUTHFigur
Page 36 and 37: Figure 2.6b HIV prevalence among ru
Page 38 and 39: 2.7 HIV PREVALENCE BY PROVINCEFigur
Page 40 and 41: Figure 2.7c Estimated number of HIV
Page 42 and 43: 2.9 HIV PREVALENCE BY EDUCATION LEV
Page 44 and 45: Figure 2.10b HIV prevalence among r
Page 46 and 47: 2.11 HIV PREVALENCE BY TIME AWAY FR
Page 48 and 49: 2.13 MALE CIRCUMCISION AND ASSOCIAT
Page 50 and 51: Figure 2.13c HIV prevalence among c
Page 52 and 53: Comparison of HIV Prevalence in the
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3.4b. HIV prevalence among m
Page 58 and 59: 3.7 PROVINCEFigure 3.7a HIV prevale
Page 60 and 61: 2003 KDHS 1 2007 KAIS 2Marital stat
Page 62 and 63: 3.10 WEALTH INDEXFigure 3.10a HIV p
Page 64 and 65: DATA IN CONTEXT: APPROACHES TO HIV
Page 68 and 69: Figure 4.3c Ever been tested for HI
Page 70 and 71: Figure 4.3e Ever been tested for HI
Page 72 and 73: Figure 4.3g Women aged 15-49 years
Page 74 and 75: Figure 4.4a Time since last HIV tes
Page 76 and 77: Figure 4.5a Reasons for not testing
Page 78 and 79: Increasing access to HIV testing wi
Page 80 and 81: 4.7. Gaps and unmet needs• Two‐
Page 84 and 85: Figure 5.3b Self-reported HIV statu
Page 86 and 87: This section examines participants
Page 88 and 89: Figure 5.5a Knowledge of HIV status
Page 90 and 91: Figure 5.5c Percent of partnerships
Page 92 and 93: uninfected. A couple was considered
Page 94 and 95: Figure 5.6c Women and men aged 15-6
Page 96 and 97: Sexual Partners, Sexual DebutCircum
Page 98 and 99: Figure 6.3b. HIV prevalence among w
Page 100 and 101: Figure 6.3d. HIV prevalence among w
Page 102 and 103: Figure 6.3f. Men aged 15-64 years r
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In this section, “consistent cond
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Figure 6.4c. Marital or cohabiting
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Figure 6.5b. Young women and men ag
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Figure 6.5d. Young women and men ag
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Figure 6.6a. Male circumcision amon
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Figure 6.6d. HIV prevalence among m
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs ch
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Figure 7.3b. Most common source of
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Figure 7.3c Women and men aged 15-6
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Figure 7.3e Overall scores for 12 q
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Figure 7.3g Women and men aged 15-6
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Figure 7.3i Correct responses to se
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• If a female teacher has the AID
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7.5. Perceived risk of HIV infectio
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Figure 7.5c Reasons given for havin
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7.6. Attitudes toward women’s rol
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who had never been tested for HIV o
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8.2 INTRODUCTIONIn the absence of i
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8.3 ANTENATAL CLINIC ATTENDANCE, 20
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8.4 KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TR
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The analysis in this section consid
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Figure 8.5b Women aged 15-49 years
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• Incorrect communication or unde
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8.8 CURRENTLY PREGNANT WOMEN: HIV T
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Among currently pregnant women, 7.1
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Among pregnant, HIV‐uninfected wo
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Figure 8.11b Desire for a child in
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8.12 CONTRACEPTIVE USEThe next figu
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Figure 8.12c Contraceptive use* amo
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Blood and Injection Safety chapter
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D ATA IN C ONTEXT: N ATIONAL B LOOD
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Figure 9.3a Source of blood donatio
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Figure 9.3b Source of blood donatio
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Figure 9.3d Source of blood donatio
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9.4 Blood transfusionsAlthough the
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10080Injec tionsPillsNo preferenceW
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HIV prevalence among adults who rep
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9.6 Gaps and unmet needs• HIV pre
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The Ministry of Medical Services re
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10.3 COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS FOR
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Coverage also varied significantly
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10.4 ARV ELIGIBILITY, COVERAGE AND
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ARV coverage was estimated by takin
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Figure 10.4b ARV coverage among HIV
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DATA IN CONTEXTEstimates of HIV-inf
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10.5 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• The es
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debilitating illness leading to hos
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Among HIV‐infected adults (83.6%
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Figure 11.3d HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.4b HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.4d HIV-infected adults ag
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DATA IN CONTEXTHIV Basic Care Packa
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Figure 11.5b HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.6b Percent of HIV-infecte
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11.8 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Counse
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12.3 HSV-2 prevalenceHSV‐2 preval
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807071.0WomenMen64.3HSV-2 Prevalenc
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Figure 12.3d HSV-2 prevalence among
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Figure 12.4b HSV-2 prevalence among
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Figure 12.5a HIV prevalence by HSV-
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Figure 12.6b Condom use during last
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12.7 Gaps and unmet needs• Increa
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also at substantially elevated risk
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Figure 13.3b Prevalence of syphilis
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Figure 13.3d Prevalence of syphilis
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Figure 13.3f Prevalence of syphilis
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Figure 13.4b Prevalence of syphilis
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13.6 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Patien
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Household Characteristics andImpact
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Figure 14.3a Sex of head of househo
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Figure 14.3d Household population,
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14.5 PREVALENCE OF HIV-AFFECTED HOU
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Figure 14.5c HIV-affected household
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social and economic conditions of h
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households used chemical disinfecta
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14.7 HOUSEHOLD OWNERSHIP OF MOSQUIT
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Figure 14.7b HIV-affected and HIV-u
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Table 14.7b Source of bednets among
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Overall, 52.3% percent of children
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14.9 CARE AND SUPPORT FOR ORPHANS A
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For consistency with other populati
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Returning Test Results15.1 KEY FIND
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Figure 15.3b. Participants aged 15-
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Figure 15.3d. Participants aged 15-
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Figure 15.3f. Participants aged 15-
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15.4 RETURNING TO RECEIVE TEST RESU
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Figure 15.5 Women aged 15-64 years
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Methods of the 2007 KAISThis Append
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ClustersHouseholdsProvince Rural Ur
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and treatment services and other he
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The KEMRI Ethical Review Committee
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Red top (5 ml)Whole blood collected
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algorithm using two HIV EIAs (Viron
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Figure A5.a. Structure and flow of
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Recruitment and training of results
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observe confidentiality of particip
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Documentation. Results counsellors
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Normalisation of weightsNormalised
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This report presents the results of
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