KAIS 2007 1 - Kenya National AIDS & STI Control Programme ...

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more than three years old. Eight‐five percent (85.0%) of all households owned at least one net thatwas not more than three years old. Duration of ownership of mosquito bednets did not differbetween HIV‐affected and HIV‐unaffected households.14.8 CHILDREN’S LIVING ARRANGEMENTS AND ORPHANHOODThis section describes findings from the 2007 KAIS on living arrangements of children under the age18 of years including those who lived with both, neither, or either biological parent. Table 14.8 alsoprovides information on whether either or both biological parents of children under 18 years of agewere alive or had died.For the purpose of this survey, an orphan is defined as any child under the age of 18 years whosemother, father, or both parents had died.Table 14.8a Living arrangements and survival status of parents for children under 18 years of age,Kenya 2007. 3,4Livingwith bothparents(%)Total 52.3 25.5 5.8 2.7 1.1 8.5 1.2 1.1 1.73 Column categories are mutually exclusive; that is, a child was only counted in one column category within each subsetof background characteristic.4 Data were missing on survival status and/or place of residence of mother, father or both for 2.5% of children; thesechildren were excluded from this analysis.Living withmother onlyFatheralive(%)Fatherdead(%)Living withfather onlyMotheralive(%)Motherdead(%)Not living with either parentBothalive(%)Motherdead(%)Fatherdead(%)Bothdead(%)BackgroundcharacteristicsAge group (years)0-4 57.5 31.3 2.6 1.8 0.5 5.3 0.6 0.4 0.155-9 52.5 24.6 5.1 2.8 1.2 8.3 0.9 1.1 1.310-14 47.2 21.7 8.2 3.1 1.5 9.9 1.9 1.5 2.715-17 45.3 14.2 9.8 3.2 2.4 12.6 2.2 1.8 4.1
Overall, 52.3% percent of children aged 0‐17 years were living with both parents. Olderchildren aged 15‐17 years were marginally less likely to live with both parents (45.3%) thanchildren in other age categories (47.2%‐57.5%) as were children in Coast province (45.0%)and Nyanza province (47.0%) compared to children in other provinces (49.6%‐59.7%). Theestimate was similar in rural and urban areas and for children of both sexes.While 31.3% of children lived with their mothers only, 3.8% lived with their fathers only.Among all children aged 0‐17 years, 12.1% were lived without either parent; 8.5% wereliving without either parent, though both parents were alive. At the time of the survey, 8.6%of children had lost their fathers, 4.0% had lost their mothers and 1.7% had lost both of theirparents. The proportions were similar for children under 15 years of age.Table 14.8b Children aged 0-17 years who were orphaned or vulnerable, Kenya 2007.Sex ofhouseholdheadMaleChronically illparent 1(%)Adult deathinhousehold 2(%)Chronically illadult inhousehold 1,2,3(%)Vulnerable 4children(%)One orbothparentsdead(%)Orphansandvulnerable 4children(%)4.8 1.2 6.0 7.4 5.1 11.4Female 4.0 2.9 5.3 8.5 19.9 25.0Sex of Male 3.8 1.8 5.2 5.6 11.1 16.2child Female 4.2 1.9 5.8 5.9 11.2 16.8ProvinceNairobi 2.7 1.5 3.4 4.1 10.8 13.9Central 1.9 1.0 3.2 2.9 7.4 10.6Coast 2.0 2.2 2.8 4.1 9.1 13.0Eastern 2.7 1.4 4.8 3.9 11.7 15.8NorthEastern 0.8 0.5 0.9 1.3 6.6 8.7Nyanza 6.2 3.4 9.0 9.3 20.9 29.3RiftValley 5.2 1.8 5.8 7.0 7.4 13.0Western 4.4 1.3 6.3 5.7 9.5 16.4Residenc Rural 3.9 1.9 5.5 5.7 11.5 16.9e Urban 4.5 1.6 5.5 6.1 8.6 14.5Age group(years)0-4 years 3.7 1.5 5.0 5.1 7.8 9.75-9 years 3.7 1.6 4.9 5.2 10.0 15.010-14years 4.4 2.2 5.8 6.4 16.3 21.615-17years 4.8 2.5 8.1 7.3 21.5 28.4Total 4.0 1.8 5.5 5.7 11.1 15.81Chronically ill defined as too sick to work or do normal activities for at least 3 of the 12 months precedingthe KAIS interview2Adult aged 18-64 years3 Chronically ill adult in household could be a parent or any non-parent adult aged 18-64 years4Vulnerable child defined as a child aged 0-17 years living in a household in which 1) an adult aged 18-64years had been chronically ill; 2) an adult had died in the 12 months preceding the survey; or 3) a childwhose mother or father was not living in the same household but had been chronically ill.KAIS 2007 261
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KAIS 2007 1
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P.O. Box: 9361 Code: 00202 Nairobi,
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KEMRIKNASPKNBSKshLLITNMCHmlμLMOMSM
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KEY FINDINGS: HIV PREVENTION• Amo
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Among HIV‐uninfected women, 71.2%
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Men 5.4 26.3 1.9Total 7.1 35.1 1.8O
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Kenya is also committed to the “T
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Table 1.4 Distribution of sampled c
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1.7 SURVEY IMPLEMENTATIONTrainingIn
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Data processing included a number o
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Characteristic 2003 KDHS 2007 KAISQ
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Figure 1.11 Sampled clusters and el
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Table 1.11c Survey response rates b
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Population estimates reported in th
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2.4 HIV PREVALENCE AMONG YOUTHFigur
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Figure 2.6b HIV prevalence among ru
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2.7 HIV PREVALENCE BY PROVINCEFigur
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Figure 2.7c Estimated number of HIV
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2.9 HIV PREVALENCE BY EDUCATION LEV
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Figure 2.10b HIV prevalence among r
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2.11 HIV PREVALENCE BY TIME AWAY FR
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2.13 MALE CIRCUMCISION AND ASSOCIAT
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Figure 2.13c HIV prevalence among c
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Comparison of HIV Prevalence in the
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3.3 SEXFigure 3.3a HIV prevalence a
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Figure 3.4b. HIV prevalence among m
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3.7 PROVINCEFigure 3.7a HIV prevale
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2003 KDHS 1 2007 KAIS 2Marital stat
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3.10 WEALTH INDEXFigure 3.10a HIV p
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DATA IN CONTEXT: APPROACHES TO HIV
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Figure 4.3c Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.3e Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.3g Women aged 15-49 years
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Figure 4.4a Time since last HIV tes
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Figure 4.5a Reasons for not testing
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Increasing access to HIV testing wi
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4.7. Gaps and unmet needs• Two‐
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Figure 5.3b Self-reported HIV statu
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This section examines participants
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Figure 5.5a Knowledge of HIV status
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Figure 5.5c Percent of partnerships
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uninfected. A couple was considered
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Figure 5.6c Women and men aged 15-6
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Sexual Partners, Sexual DebutCircum
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Figure 6.3b. HIV prevalence among w
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Figure 6.3d. HIV prevalence among w
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Figure 6.3f. Men aged 15-64 years r
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In this section, “consistent cond
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Figure 6.4c. Marital or cohabiting
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Figure 6.5b. Young women and men ag
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Figure 6.5d. Young women and men ag
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Figure 6.6a. Male circumcision amon
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Figure 6.6d. HIV prevalence among m
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs ch
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Figure 7.3b. Most common source of
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Figure 7.3c Women and men aged 15-6
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Figure 7.3e Overall scores for 12 q
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Figure 7.3g Women and men aged 15-6
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Figure 7.3i Correct responses to se
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• If a female teacher has the AID
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7.5. Perceived risk of HIV infectio
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Figure 7.5c Reasons given for havin
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7.6. Attitudes toward women’s rol
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who had never been tested for HIV o
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8.2 INTRODUCTIONIn the absence of i
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8.3 ANTENATAL CLINIC ATTENDANCE, 20
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8.4 KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TR
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The analysis in this section consid
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Figure 8.5b Women aged 15-49 years
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• Incorrect communication or unde
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8.8 CURRENTLY PREGNANT WOMEN: HIV T
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Among currently pregnant women, 7.1
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Among pregnant, HIV‐uninfected wo
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Figure 8.11b Desire for a child in
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8.12 CONTRACEPTIVE USEThe next figu
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Figure 8.12c Contraceptive use* amo
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Blood and Injection Safety chapter
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D ATA IN C ONTEXT: N ATIONAL B LOOD
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Figure 9.3a Source of blood donatio
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Figure 9.3b Source of blood donatio
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Figure 9.3d Source of blood donatio
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9.4 Blood transfusionsAlthough the
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10080Injec tionsPillsNo preferenceW
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HIV prevalence among adults who rep
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9.6 Gaps and unmet needs• HIV pre
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The Ministry of Medical Services re
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10.3 COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS FOR
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Coverage also varied significantly
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10.4 ARV ELIGIBILITY, COVERAGE AND
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ARV coverage was estimated by takin
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Figure 10.4b ARV coverage among HIV
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DATA IN CONTEXTEstimates of HIV-inf
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10.5 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• The es
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debilitating illness leading to hos
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Among HIV‐infected adults (83.6%
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Figure 11.3d HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.4b HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.4d HIV-infected adults ag
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DATA IN CONTEXTHIV Basic Care Packa
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Page 215 and 216: 12.3 HSV-2 prevalenceHSV‐2 preval
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Page 219 and 220: Figure 12.3d HSV-2 prevalence among
Page 221 and 222: Figure 12.4b HSV-2 prevalence among
Page 223 and 224: Figure 12.5a HIV prevalence by HSV-
Page 225 and 226: Figure 12.6b Condom use during last
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Page 229 and 230: also at substantially elevated risk
Page 231 and 232: Figure 13.3b Prevalence of syphilis
Page 233 and 234: Figure 13.3d Prevalence of syphilis
Page 235 and 236: Figure 13.3f Prevalence of syphilis
Page 237 and 238: Figure 13.4b Prevalence of syphilis
Page 239 and 240: 13.6 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Patien
Page 241 and 242: Household Characteristics andImpact
Page 243 and 244: Figure 14.3a Sex of head of househo
Page 245 and 246: Figure 14.3d Household population,
Page 247 and 248: 14.5 PREVALENCE OF HIV-AFFECTED HOU
Page 249 and 250: Figure 14.5c HIV-affected household
Page 251 and 252: social and economic conditions of h
Page 253 and 254: households used chemical disinfecta
Page 255 and 256: 14.7 HOUSEHOLD OWNERSHIP OF MOSQUIT
Page 257 and 258: Figure 14.7b HIV-affected and HIV-u
Page 259: Table 14.7b Source of bednets among
Page 263 and 264: 14.9 CARE AND SUPPORT FOR ORPHANS A
Page 265 and 266: For consistency with other populati
Page 267: Returning Test Results15.1 KEY FIND
Page 270 and 271: Figure 15.3b. Participants aged 15-
Page 272 and 273: Figure 15.3d. Participants aged 15-
Page 274 and 275: Figure 15.3f. Participants aged 15-
Page 276 and 277: 15.4 RETURNING TO RECEIVE TEST RESU
Page 278 and 279: Figure 15.5 Women aged 15-64 years
Page 280 and 281: Methods of the 2007 KAISThis Append
Page 282 and 283: ClustersHouseholdsProvince Rural Ur
Page 284 and 285: and treatment services and other he
Page 286 and 287: The KEMRI Ethical Review Committee
Page 288 and 289: Red top (5 ml)Whole blood collected
Page 290 and 291: algorithm using two HIV EIAs (Viron
Page 292 and 293: Figure A5.a. Structure and flow of
Page 294 and 295: Recruitment and training of results
Page 296 and 297: observe confidentiality of particip
Page 298 and 299: Documentation. Results counsellors
Page 300 and 301: Normalisation of weightsNormalised
Page 302 and 303: This report presents the results of
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