KAIS 2007 1 - Kenya National AIDS & STI Control Programme ...

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presented in this section include only participants living outside of Nairobi, which is consistentwith methods used in other national surveys, including the 2007 Kenya Malaria IndicatorSurvey.The 2007 KAIS findings on household‐level ownership of bednets are presented inChapter 14.Figure 11.6a Bednet usage among adults aged 15-64 years by HIV status and knowledgeof HIV status, Kenya 2007.Figure 11.6a HIV-infected adults were significantly more likely to sleep under abednet than HIV-uninfected adults. Use of insecticide treated nets was only half ascommon as use of any bednet.Analyses of bednet use were restricted to individuals living in households outside of Nairobi.Overall, 38.0% of adults slept under a bednet the night before the 2007 KAIS interview. Bednet usewas significantly higher among HIV‐infected adults (45.3%) compared to uninfected adults(37.5%), and marginally higher among those aware of their HIV status (54.2%) compared to thosewho were unaware of their HIV status (43.6%). The percent of adults who reported using ITNswas lower to the percent of adults who used any mosquito net use; 17.5% of all adults slept underan ITN the night before the 2007 KAIS interview. Use of ITN was marginally higher among HIVinfectedadults (20.2%) compared to HIV‐uninfected adults (16.9%), and ITN use did not differsignificantly between HIV‐infected persons aware of their HIV status (19.2%) compared withHIV‐infected persons who were unaware of their HIV status (20.4%).KAIS 2007 210
Figure 11.6b Percent of HIV-infected adults aged 15-64 years who slept under abednet, by province, Kenya 2007.Percent Sleeping under a Bednet (%)80604020015.27.958.4Any mosquito net23.831.861.153.529.6 28.6 28.410.3 9.8*Insecticide treated net45.320.2Central Coast Eastern NorthEasternNyanzaRiftValleyWesternTotalProvinceFigure 11.6b General benet usage and use of ITN was highest in Nyanza, Coast andWestern provinces, where malaria is highly endemic.* Estimates not presented due to small denominators of less than 25 observations in this category.Analyses of bed net use were restricted to individuals outside of Nairobi.Bednet use by HIV‐infected adults varied significantly by province, with the highest net usefound in Nyanza (61.1%), Coast (58.4%) and Western provinces (53.5%). All three provinces arelocated in the zones with the greatest malaria density, with endemic malaria year‐round. Bednetuse for HIV‐infected adults in Eastern and Rift Valley provinces was moderate at 31.8% and28.6%, respectively. Central province had the lowest bednet use at 15.2%. Central and Easternprovinces are located in seasonal malaria zones, and the highlands of the Rift Valley are prone toperiodic malaria epidemics.Use of ITNs among HIV‐infected persons also differed significantly by province and followed asimilar distribution observed for general bednet use. Nyanza (29.6%), Western (28.4%) and Coast(23.8%) provinces again the highest use of ITNs among HIV‐infected adults. Use of ITNs wassubstantially lower in Eastern, Rift Valley and Central provinces. Nairobi is considered malariafree, although bednets are available. Among HIV‐infected adults in Nairobi, general mosquito netuse was 35.5% and ITN use was 12.1%.Bednet use among HIV‐infected adults was similar in rural (45.0%) and urban areas (46.6%),excluding Nairobi. Though ITN use was greater among HIV‐infected adults in urban areascompared to rural areas (27.3% and 18.7%, respectively), this difference was marginallysignificant.KAIS 2007 211
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KAIS 2007 1
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P.O. Box: 9361 Code: 00202 Nairobi,
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KEMRIKNASPKNBSKshLLITNMCHmlμLMOMSM
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KEY FINDINGS: HIV PREVENTION• Amo
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Among HIV‐uninfected women, 71.2%
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Men 5.4 26.3 1.9Total 7.1 35.1 1.8O
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Kenya is also committed to the “T
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Table 1.4 Distribution of sampled c
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1.7 SURVEY IMPLEMENTATIONTrainingIn
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Data processing included a number o
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Characteristic 2003 KDHS 2007 KAISQ
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Figure 1.11 Sampled clusters and el
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Table 1.11c Survey response rates b
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Population estimates reported in th
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2.4 HIV PREVALENCE AMONG YOUTHFigur
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Figure 2.6b HIV prevalence among ru
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2.7 HIV PREVALENCE BY PROVINCEFigur
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Figure 2.7c Estimated number of HIV
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2.9 HIV PREVALENCE BY EDUCATION LEV
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Figure 2.10b HIV prevalence among r
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2.11 HIV PREVALENCE BY TIME AWAY FR
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2.13 MALE CIRCUMCISION AND ASSOCIAT
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Figure 2.13c HIV prevalence among c
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Comparison of HIV Prevalence in the
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3.3 SEXFigure 3.3a HIV prevalence a
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Figure 3.4b. HIV prevalence among m
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3.7 PROVINCEFigure 3.7a HIV prevale
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2003 KDHS 1 2007 KAIS 2Marital stat
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3.10 WEALTH INDEXFigure 3.10a HIV p
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DATA IN CONTEXT: APPROACHES TO HIV
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Figure 4.3c Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.3e Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.3g Women aged 15-49 years
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Figure 4.4a Time since last HIV tes
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Figure 4.5a Reasons for not testing
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Increasing access to HIV testing wi
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4.7. Gaps and unmet needs• Two‐
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Figure 5.3b Self-reported HIV statu
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This section examines participants
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Figure 5.5a Knowledge of HIV status
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Figure 5.5c Percent of partnerships
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uninfected. A couple was considered
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Figure 5.6c Women and men aged 15-6
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Sexual Partners, Sexual DebutCircum
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Figure 6.3b. HIV prevalence among w
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Figure 6.3d. HIV prevalence among w
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Figure 6.3f. Men aged 15-64 years r
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In this section, “consistent cond
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Figure 6.4c. Marital or cohabiting
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Figure 6.5b. Young women and men ag
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Figure 6.5d. Young women and men ag
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Figure 6.6a. Male circumcision amon
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Figure 6.6d. HIV prevalence among m
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs ch
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Figure 7.3b. Most common source of
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Figure 7.3c Women and men aged 15-6
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Figure 7.3e Overall scores for 12 q
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Figure 7.3g Women and men aged 15-6
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Figure 7.3i Correct responses to se
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• If a female teacher has the AID
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7.5. Perceived risk of HIV infectio
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Figure 7.5c Reasons given for havin
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7.6. Attitudes toward women’s rol
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who had never been tested for HIV o
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8.2 INTRODUCTIONIn the absence of i
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8.3 ANTENATAL CLINIC ATTENDANCE, 20
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8.4 KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TR
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The analysis in this section consid
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Figure 8.5b Women aged 15-49 years
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• Incorrect communication or unde
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8.8 CURRENTLY PREGNANT WOMEN: HIV T
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Among currently pregnant women, 7.1
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Among pregnant, HIV‐uninfected wo
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Figure 8.11b Desire for a child in
Page 159 and 160: 8.12 CONTRACEPTIVE USEThe next figu
Page 161 and 162: Figure 8.12c Contraceptive use* amo
Page 163 and 164: Blood and Injection Safety chapter
Page 165 and 166: D ATA IN C ONTEXT: N ATIONAL B LOOD
Page 167 and 168: Figure 9.3a Source of blood donatio
Page 169 and 170: Figure 9.3b Source of blood donatio
Page 171 and 172: Figure 9.3d Source of blood donatio
Page 173 and 174: 9.4 Blood transfusionsAlthough the
Page 175 and 176: 10080Injec tionsPillsNo preferenceW
Page 177 and 178: HIV prevalence among adults who rep
Page 179 and 180: 9.6 Gaps and unmet needs• HIV pre
Page 181 and 182: The Ministry of Medical Services re
Page 183 and 184: 10.3 COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS FOR
Page 185 and 186: Coverage also varied significantly
Page 187 and 188: 10.4 ARV ELIGIBILITY, COVERAGE AND
Page 189 and 190: ARV coverage was estimated by takin
Page 191 and 192: Figure 10.4b ARV coverage among HIV
Page 193 and 194: DATA IN CONTEXTEstimates of HIV-inf
Page 195 and 196: 10.5 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• The es
Page 197 and 198: debilitating illness leading to hos
Page 199 and 200: Among HIV‐infected adults (83.6%
Page 201 and 202: Figure 11.3d HIV-infected adults ag
Page 203 and 204: Figure 11.4b HIV-infected adults ag
Page 205 and 206: Figure 11.4d HIV-infected adults ag
Page 207 and 208: DATA IN CONTEXTHIV Basic Care Packa
Page 209: Figure 11.5b HIV-infected adults ag
Page 213 and 214: 11.8 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Counse
Page 215 and 216: 12.3 HSV-2 prevalenceHSV‐2 preval
Page 217 and 218: 807071.0WomenMen64.3HSV-2 Prevalenc
Page 219 and 220: Figure 12.3d HSV-2 prevalence among
Page 221 and 222: Figure 12.4b HSV-2 prevalence among
Page 223 and 224: Figure 12.5a HIV prevalence by HSV-
Page 225 and 226: Figure 12.6b Condom use during last
Page 227 and 228: 12.7 Gaps and unmet needs• Increa
Page 229 and 230: also at substantially elevated risk
Page 231 and 232: Figure 13.3b Prevalence of syphilis
Page 233 and 234: Figure 13.3d Prevalence of syphilis
Page 235 and 236: Figure 13.3f Prevalence of syphilis
Page 237 and 238: Figure 13.4b Prevalence of syphilis
Page 239 and 240: 13.6 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Patien
Page 241 and 242: Household Characteristics andImpact
Page 243 and 244: Figure 14.3a Sex of head of househo
Page 245 and 246: Figure 14.3d Household population,
Page 247 and 248: 14.5 PREVALENCE OF HIV-AFFECTED HOU
Page 249 and 250: Figure 14.5c HIV-affected household
Page 251 and 252: social and economic conditions of h
Page 253 and 254: households used chemical disinfecta
Page 255 and 256: 14.7 HOUSEHOLD OWNERSHIP OF MOSQUIT
Page 257 and 258: Figure 14.7b HIV-affected and HIV-u
Page 259 and 260: Table 14.7b Source of bednets among
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Overall, 52.3% percent of children
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14.9 CARE AND SUPPORT FOR ORPHANS A
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For consistency with other populati
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Returning Test Results15.1 KEY FIND
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Figure 15.3b. Participants aged 15-
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Figure 15.3d. Participants aged 15-
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Figure 15.3f. Participants aged 15-
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15.4 RETURNING TO RECEIVE TEST RESU
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Figure 15.5 Women aged 15-64 years
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Methods of the 2007 KAISThis Append
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ClustersHouseholdsProvince Rural Ur
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and treatment services and other he
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The KEMRI Ethical Review Committee
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Red top (5 ml)Whole blood collected
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algorithm using two HIV EIAs (Viron
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Figure A5.a. Structure and flow of
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Recruitment and training of results
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observe confidentiality of particip
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Documentation. Results counsellors
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Normalisation of weightsNormalised
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This report presents the results of
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