KAIS 2007 1 - Kenya National AIDS & STI Control Programme ...

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Sexual Partners, Sexual DebutCircumcisionchapter 6 and6.1. Key findings• Most women (52.2%) and men (73.1%) reported more than one sexualpartner in their lifetimes; 1.7% of women and 11.9% of men reportedtwo or more sexual partners in the last year.• Prevalence of HIV among both women and men varied significantly bynumber of lifetime sexual partners. Among those reporting 10 or morelifetime sexual partners, prevalence was 16.6% in women and 9.1% inmen.• Women and men reported consistent condom use in 25.7% and 42.5%,respectively, of sexual partnerships with non-marital and non-cohabitingpartners in the year prior to the survey,• An estimated 20.0% of women and 22.4% of men reported having had sexat least once by the age of 15 years.• Overall, 85.0% of men reported being circumcised; however, less thanhalf (48.2%) of men reported being circumcised in Nyanza province.Nationally 13.2% of uncircumcised men were HIV-infected compared to3.9% of circumcised men.6.2. IntroductionThis chapter describes the prevalence of factors that can be associated with sexual transmission andacquisition of HIV. These factors include the number of sexual partners, condom use, age of sexualdebut and male circumcision.Appendix B.6 provides sample sizes and 95% confidence intervals for estimates presented in thischapter. Throughout the chapter, the term significant indicates a chi‐square p‐value less than 0.05;marginally significant indicates a p‐value between 0.05 and 0.10, inclusive; and not significantindicates a p‐value greater than 0.10.For any analysis that compared the 2003 KDHS and the 2007 KAIS data in this chapter, the z‐teststatistic was used compare the two weighted estimates from 2003 and 2007 and determine ifdifferences were statistically significant. Methods used for calculating the z‐test statistic aredescribed further in Appendix A.KAIS 2007 96
6.3. Number of lifetime sexual partnersFigure 6.3a. Women and men aged 15-64 years by number of lifetime sexual partners,Kenya 2007.45Percent (Weighted %)40353025201511.514.936.312.040.427.217.811.2WomenMen16.9Figure 6.3a.Women andmen reportedsignificantlydifferentnumbers ofsexual partnersover theirlifetimes.108.8501.91.10 partners 1 partner 2-3 partners 4-5 partners 6-9 partners 10+ partnersNumber of PartnersThe number of lifetime sexual partners varied significantly by sex. Nearly half (45.9%) of men reportedfour or more lifetime sexual partners compared to 11.8% of women. Conversely, more women (36.3%)than men (12.0%) reported having only one lifetime sexual partner.KAIS 2007 97
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KAIS 2007 1
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P.O. Box: 9361 Code: 00202 Nairobi,
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KEMRIKNASPKNBSKshLLITNMCHmlμLMOMSM
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KEY FINDINGS: HIV PREVENTION• Amo
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Among HIV‐uninfected women, 71.2%
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Men 5.4 26.3 1.9Total 7.1 35.1 1.8O
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Kenya is also committed to the “T
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Table 1.4 Distribution of sampled c
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1.7 SURVEY IMPLEMENTATIONTrainingIn
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Data processing included a number o
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Characteristic 2003 KDHS 2007 KAISQ
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Figure 1.11 Sampled clusters and el
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Table 1.11c Survey response rates b
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Population estimates reported in th
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2.4 HIV PREVALENCE AMONG YOUTHFigur
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Figure 2.6b HIV prevalence among ru
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2.7 HIV PREVALENCE BY PROVINCEFigur
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Figure 2.7c Estimated number of HIV
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2.9 HIV PREVALENCE BY EDUCATION LEV
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Figure 2.10b HIV prevalence among r
Page 46 and 47: 2.11 HIV PREVALENCE BY TIME AWAY FR
Page 48 and 49: 2.13 MALE CIRCUMCISION AND ASSOCIAT
Page 50 and 51: Figure 2.13c HIV prevalence among c
Page 52 and 53: Comparison of HIV Prevalence in the
Page 54 and 55: 3.3 SEXFigure 3.3a HIV prevalence a
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3.4b. HIV prevalence among m
Page 58 and 59: 3.7 PROVINCEFigure 3.7a HIV prevale
Page 60 and 61: 2003 KDHS 1 2007 KAIS 2Marital stat
Page 62 and 63: 3.10 WEALTH INDEXFigure 3.10a HIV p
Page 64 and 65: DATA IN CONTEXT: APPROACHES TO HIV
Page 66 and 67: Population estimates reported in th
Page 68 and 69: Figure 4.3c Ever been tested for HI
Page 70 and 71: Figure 4.3e Ever been tested for HI
Page 72 and 73: Figure 4.3g Women aged 15-49 years
Page 74 and 75: Figure 4.4a Time since last HIV tes
Page 76 and 77: Figure 4.5a Reasons for not testing
Page 78 and 79: Increasing access to HIV testing wi
Page 80 and 81: 4.7. Gaps and unmet needs• Two‐
Page 82 and 83: Population estimates reported in th
Page 84 and 85: Figure 5.3b Self-reported HIV statu
Page 86 and 87: This section examines participants
Page 88 and 89: Figure 5.5a Knowledge of HIV status
Page 90 and 91: Figure 5.5c Percent of partnerships
Page 92 and 93: uninfected. A couple was considered
Page 94 and 95: Figure 5.6c Women and men aged 15-6
Page 98 and 99: Figure 6.3b. HIV prevalence among w
Page 100 and 101: Figure 6.3d. HIV prevalence among w
Page 102 and 103: Figure 6.3f. Men aged 15-64 years r
Page 104 and 105: In this section, “consistent cond
Page 106 and 107: Figure 6.4c. Marital or cohabiting
Page 108 and 109: Figure 6.5b. Young women and men ag
Page 110 and 111: Figure 6.5d. Young women and men ag
Page 112 and 113: Figure 6.6a. Male circumcision amon
Page 114 and 115: Figure 6.6d. HIV prevalence among m
Page 116 and 117: Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs ch
Page 118 and 119: Figure 7.3b. Most common source of
Page 120 and 121: Figure 7.3c Women and men aged 15-6
Page 122 and 123: Figure 7.3e Overall scores for 12 q
Page 124 and 125: Figure 7.3g Women and men aged 15-6
Page 126 and 127: Figure 7.3i Correct responses to se
Page 128 and 129: • If a female teacher has the AID
Page 130 and 131: 7.5. Perceived risk of HIV infectio
Page 132 and 133: Figure 7.5c Reasons given for havin
Page 134 and 135: 7.6. Attitudes toward women’s rol
Page 136 and 137: who had never been tested for HIV o
Page 138 and 139: 8.2 INTRODUCTIONIn the absence of i
Page 140 and 141: 8.3 ANTENATAL CLINIC ATTENDANCE, 20
Page 142 and 143: 8.4 KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TR
Page 144 and 145: The analysis in this section consid
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Figure 8.5b Women aged 15-49 years
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• Incorrect communication or unde
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8.8 CURRENTLY PREGNANT WOMEN: HIV T
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Among currently pregnant women, 7.1
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Among pregnant, HIV‐uninfected wo
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Figure 8.11b Desire for a child in
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8.12 CONTRACEPTIVE USEThe next figu
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Figure 8.12c Contraceptive use* amo
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Blood and Injection Safety chapter
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D ATA IN C ONTEXT: N ATIONAL B LOOD
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Figure 9.3a Source of blood donatio
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Figure 9.3b Source of blood donatio
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Figure 9.3d Source of blood donatio
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9.4 Blood transfusionsAlthough the
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10080Injec tionsPillsNo preferenceW
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HIV prevalence among adults who rep
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9.6 Gaps and unmet needs• HIV pre
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The Ministry of Medical Services re
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10.3 COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS FOR
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Coverage also varied significantly
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10.4 ARV ELIGIBILITY, COVERAGE AND
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ARV coverage was estimated by takin
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Figure 10.4b ARV coverage among HIV
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DATA IN CONTEXTEstimates of HIV-inf
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10.5 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• The es
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debilitating illness leading to hos
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Among HIV‐infected adults (83.6%
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Figure 11.3d HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.4b HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.4d HIV-infected adults ag
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DATA IN CONTEXTHIV Basic Care Packa
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Figure 11.5b HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.6b Percent of HIV-infecte
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11.8 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Counse
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12.3 HSV-2 prevalenceHSV‐2 preval
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807071.0WomenMen64.3HSV-2 Prevalenc
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Figure 12.3d HSV-2 prevalence among
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Figure 12.4b HSV-2 prevalence among
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Figure 12.5a HIV prevalence by HSV-
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Figure 12.6b Condom use during last
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12.7 Gaps and unmet needs• Increa
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also at substantially elevated risk
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Figure 13.3b Prevalence of syphilis
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Figure 13.3d Prevalence of syphilis
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Figure 13.3f Prevalence of syphilis
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Figure 13.4b Prevalence of syphilis
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13.6 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Patien
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Household Characteristics andImpact
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Figure 14.3a Sex of head of househo
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Figure 14.3d Household population,
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14.5 PREVALENCE OF HIV-AFFECTED HOU
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Figure 14.5c HIV-affected household
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social and economic conditions of h
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households used chemical disinfecta
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14.7 HOUSEHOLD OWNERSHIP OF MOSQUIT
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Figure 14.7b HIV-affected and HIV-u
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Table 14.7b Source of bednets among
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Overall, 52.3% percent of children
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14.9 CARE AND SUPPORT FOR ORPHANS A
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For consistency with other populati
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Returning Test Results15.1 KEY FIND
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Figure 15.3b. Participants aged 15-
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Figure 15.3d. Participants aged 15-
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Figure 15.3f. Participants aged 15-
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15.4 RETURNING TO RECEIVE TEST RESU
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Figure 15.5 Women aged 15-64 years
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Methods of the 2007 KAISThis Append
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ClustersHouseholdsProvince Rural Ur
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and treatment services and other he
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The KEMRI Ethical Review Committee
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Red top (5 ml)Whole blood collected
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algorithm using two HIV EIAs (Viron
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Figure A5.a. Structure and flow of
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Recruitment and training of results
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observe confidentiality of particip
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Documentation. Results counsellors
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Normalisation of weightsNormalised
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This report presents the results of
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