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KAIS 2007 1 - Kenya National AIDS & STI Control Programme ...

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Figure 9.5d HIV prevalence among adults aged 15‐64 years by reported number of medicalinjections in the year before the survey, <strong>Kenya</strong> <strong>2007</strong>.HIV Prevalence (Weighted %)20151058.4 8.011.213.99.201 2-3 4-10 11+ TotalNumber of Medical InjectionsThe prevalence of HIV among adults who reported a medical injection in the past year was 9.2%,Figure 9.5d HIV prevalence significantly increased as the number of injections reported in the pastyear increased.With increasing number of reported injections in the past year, HIV prevalence increased significantlyfrom 8.4% among individuals receiving a single injection to 13.9% among individuals receiving 11 ormore injections in the past year.As described earlier, these findings should be carefully interpreted as causality cannot be determinedfrom these cross‐sectional data. In addition, possible confounders which could have substantiallybiased the observed association were not adjusted for in the analysis. As described in figure 9.5c,knowledge of HIV infection is a possible confounder as HIV‐infected persons are more likely toexperience illness and may be more likely to receive injections than HIV‐uninfected persons. Anadditional confounder for this association may be sex, as women in the <strong>2007</strong> <strong>KAIS</strong> had significantlyhigher prevalence of HIV compared to men. Additionally, as stated earlier in this section, significantlymore women reported receiving at least one medical injection in the year before the survey comparedto men.<strong>KAIS</strong> <strong>2007</strong> 178

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