KAIS 2007 1 - Kenya National AIDS & STI Control Programme ...

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households owned 1.3 nets per households compared to 1.1 nets per unaffected household. Differencesin mean number of bednets owned by affected and unaffected households in urban areas and overallwere not statistically significant.Figure 14.7c Household ownership of at least one insecticide treated mosquitobednet (ITN), by rural/urban residence, Kenya 2007.60Percent of Housholds with 1 or more ITN (%)402043.944.9 44.10Rural Urban TotalOwns 1 or more ITNFigure 14.7c Household ownership of one or more ITNs was similar between ruraland urban households.An insecticide treated bednet (ITN) was defined as a pre‐treated bednet or a bednet that had beentreated within the household during the six months prior to the survey. Overall, 44.1% of householdsnationwide owned at least one ITN. While the percent of urban households owning any bednet wasgreater than the percent of rural household owning any bednet, no significant differences wereobserved between rural and urban households for ownership of ITNs. This is likely because a greaterpercentage of nets owned by rural households (76.9%) were treated with insecticide compared to netsowned by urban households (58.5%). KAIS results also indicate that 53.0% of households with achild under the age of 5 years owned at least one insecticide treated net (ITN). ITN ownership wassimilar between HIV‐affected and HIV‐unaffected households in both rural and urban areas.KAIS 2007 258
Table 14.7b Source of bednets among HIV-affected and HIV-unaffected households byrural/urban residence, Kenya 2007.Free from NGO(%)Free fromgovernment(%)Free from othersource (%)Purchased (%)RuralHIV-affected 63.1 13.7 39.5 4.7HIV-unaffected 65.0 12.0 36.9 3.5Total 64.7 12.2 37.2 3.7UrbanHIV-affected 79.9 7.6 17.7 9.8HIV-unaffected 81.1 5.3 18.0 4.7Total 80.9 5.5 17.9 5.2TotalHIV-affected 67.2 12.2 34.3 5.9HIV-unaffected 69.3 10.2 31.8 3.8Total 69.1 10.4 32.1 4.1Categories are not mutually exclusive. Households with more than one bednet could be represented in more than onecategory of source of net. A household is not represented more than once per category; that is, if a household with twonets purchased both nets, it is only considered once in the category of purchased nets.NGO refers to non-governmental organizations.According to the 2007 KAIS, 69.1% of households owned at least one bednet that they purchased.Given that most households only owned one bednet, this means that most nets in Kenya areacquired by households themselves rather than free from sources such as the government or nongovernmentalorganizations. Significantly more urban households purchased their bednetscompared to rural households (80.9% and 64.7%, respectively). In contrast, significantly more ruralhouseholds acquired a bednet from a non‐governmental organization (12.2%) or from thegovernment (37.2%) than urban households (5.5% and 17.9%, respectively). There were small butmarginally significant differences between HIV‐affected and HIV‐unaffected households by theoverall pattern of bednet sources. In rural areas, a higher percent of HIV‐affected householdsreported receiving a bednet from the government (39.5%) compared to HIV‐unaffected households(36.9%). In urban areas, a higher percent of HIV‐affected households (9.8%) received at least onebednet from another, unspecified source compared to HIV‐unaffected households (4.7%).Across provinces, only North Eastern province deviated significantly the overall pattern of sourcesof nets: in this province, 42.9% of households identified NGOs as the source of one or mosquitobednets.Heads of household were also asked to report the duration of ownership for each of the bednets intheir household. Among households with at least one bednet, 65.9% owned at least one net thatwas acquired during the year prior to the survey; some of these nets could be attributed to thenational distribution of bednets that occurred from July‐September of 2006. Additionally, giventhat 2007 guidelines from the Kenya Division of Malaria Control recommended that bednets bereplaced every three years, we also examined the percent of households with bednets that were noKAIS 2007 259
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KAIS 2007 1
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P.O. Box: 9361 Code: 00202 Nairobi,
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KEMRIKNASPKNBSKshLLITNMCHmlμLMOMSM
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KEY FINDINGS: HIV PREVENTION• Amo
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Among HIV‐uninfected women, 71.2%
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Men 5.4 26.3 1.9Total 7.1 35.1 1.8O
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Kenya is also committed to the “T
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Table 1.4 Distribution of sampled c
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1.7 SURVEY IMPLEMENTATIONTrainingIn
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Data processing included a number o
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Characteristic 2003 KDHS 2007 KAISQ
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Figure 1.11 Sampled clusters and el
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Table 1.11c Survey response rates b
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Population estimates reported in th
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2.4 HIV PREVALENCE AMONG YOUTHFigur
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Figure 2.6b HIV prevalence among ru
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2.7 HIV PREVALENCE BY PROVINCEFigur
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Figure 2.7c Estimated number of HIV
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2.9 HIV PREVALENCE BY EDUCATION LEV
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Figure 2.10b HIV prevalence among r
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2.11 HIV PREVALENCE BY TIME AWAY FR
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2.13 MALE CIRCUMCISION AND ASSOCIAT
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Figure 2.13c HIV prevalence among c
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Comparison of HIV Prevalence in the
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3.3 SEXFigure 3.3a HIV prevalence a
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Figure 3.4b. HIV prevalence among m
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3.7 PROVINCEFigure 3.7a HIV prevale
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2003 KDHS 1 2007 KAIS 2Marital stat
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3.10 WEALTH INDEXFigure 3.10a HIV p
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DATA IN CONTEXT: APPROACHES TO HIV
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Figure 4.3c Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.3e Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.3g Women aged 15-49 years
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Figure 4.4a Time since last HIV tes
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Figure 4.5a Reasons for not testing
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Increasing access to HIV testing wi
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4.7. Gaps and unmet needs• Two‐
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Figure 5.3b Self-reported HIV statu
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This section examines participants
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Figure 5.5a Knowledge of HIV status
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Figure 5.5c Percent of partnerships
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uninfected. A couple was considered
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Figure 5.6c Women and men aged 15-6
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Sexual Partners, Sexual DebutCircum
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Figure 6.3b. HIV prevalence among w
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Figure 6.3d. HIV prevalence among w
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Figure 6.3f. Men aged 15-64 years r
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In this section, “consistent cond
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Figure 6.4c. Marital or cohabiting
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Figure 6.5b. Young women and men ag
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Figure 6.5d. Young women and men ag
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Figure 6.6a. Male circumcision amon
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Figure 6.6d. HIV prevalence among m
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs ch
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Figure 7.3b. Most common source of
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Figure 7.3c Women and men aged 15-6
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Figure 7.3e Overall scores for 12 q
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Figure 7.3g Women and men aged 15-6
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Figure 7.3i Correct responses to se
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• If a female teacher has the AID
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7.5. Perceived risk of HIV infectio
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Figure 7.5c Reasons given for havin
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7.6. Attitudes toward women’s rol
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who had never been tested for HIV o
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8.2 INTRODUCTIONIn the absence of i
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8.3 ANTENATAL CLINIC ATTENDANCE, 20
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8.4 KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TR
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The analysis in this section consid
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Figure 8.5b Women aged 15-49 years
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• Incorrect communication or unde
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8.8 CURRENTLY PREGNANT WOMEN: HIV T
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Among currently pregnant women, 7.1
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Among pregnant, HIV‐uninfected wo
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Figure 8.11b Desire for a child in
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8.12 CONTRACEPTIVE USEThe next figu
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Figure 8.12c Contraceptive use* amo
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Blood and Injection Safety chapter
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D ATA IN C ONTEXT: N ATIONAL B LOOD
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Figure 9.3a Source of blood donatio
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Figure 9.3b Source of blood donatio
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Figure 9.3d Source of blood donatio
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9.4 Blood transfusionsAlthough the
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10080Injec tionsPillsNo preferenceW
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HIV prevalence among adults who rep
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9.6 Gaps and unmet needs• HIV pre
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The Ministry of Medical Services re
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10.3 COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS FOR
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Coverage also varied significantly
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10.4 ARV ELIGIBILITY, COVERAGE AND
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ARV coverage was estimated by takin
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Figure 10.4b ARV coverage among HIV
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DATA IN CONTEXTEstimates of HIV-inf
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10.5 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• The es
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debilitating illness leading to hos
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Among HIV‐infected adults (83.6%
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Figure 11.3d HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.4b HIV-infected adults ag
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Figure 11.4d HIV-infected adults ag
Page 207 and 208: DATA IN CONTEXTHIV Basic Care Packa
Page 209 and 210: Figure 11.5b HIV-infected adults ag
Page 211 and 212: Figure 11.6b Percent of HIV-infecte
Page 213 and 214: 11.8 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Counse
Page 215 and 216: 12.3 HSV-2 prevalenceHSV‐2 preval
Page 217 and 218: 807071.0WomenMen64.3HSV-2 Prevalenc
Page 219 and 220: Figure 12.3d HSV-2 prevalence among
Page 221 and 222: Figure 12.4b HSV-2 prevalence among
Page 223 and 224: Figure 12.5a HIV prevalence by HSV-
Page 225 and 226: Figure 12.6b Condom use during last
Page 227 and 228: 12.7 Gaps and unmet needs• Increa
Page 229 and 230: also at substantially elevated risk
Page 231 and 232: Figure 13.3b Prevalence of syphilis
Page 233 and 234: Figure 13.3d Prevalence of syphilis
Page 235 and 236: Figure 13.3f Prevalence of syphilis
Page 237 and 238: Figure 13.4b Prevalence of syphilis
Page 239 and 240: 13.6 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Patien
Page 241 and 242: Household Characteristics andImpact
Page 243 and 244: Figure 14.3a Sex of head of househo
Page 245 and 246: Figure 14.3d Household population,
Page 247 and 248: 14.5 PREVALENCE OF HIV-AFFECTED HOU
Page 249 and 250: Figure 14.5c HIV-affected household
Page 251 and 252: social and economic conditions of h
Page 253 and 254: households used chemical disinfecta
Page 255 and 256: 14.7 HOUSEHOLD OWNERSHIP OF MOSQUIT
Page 257: Figure 14.7b HIV-affected and HIV-u
Page 261 and 262: Overall, 52.3% percent of children
Page 263 and 264: 14.9 CARE AND SUPPORT FOR ORPHANS A
Page 265 and 266: For consistency with other populati
Page 267: Returning Test Results15.1 KEY FIND
Page 270 and 271: Figure 15.3b. Participants aged 15-
Page 272 and 273: Figure 15.3d. Participants aged 15-
Page 274 and 275: Figure 15.3f. Participants aged 15-
Page 276 and 277: 15.4 RETURNING TO RECEIVE TEST RESU
Page 278 and 279: Figure 15.5 Women aged 15-64 years
Page 280 and 281: Methods of the 2007 KAISThis Append
Page 282 and 283: ClustersHouseholdsProvince Rural Ur
Page 284 and 285: and treatment services and other he
Page 286 and 287: The KEMRI Ethical Review Committee
Page 288 and 289: Red top (5 ml)Whole blood collected
Page 290 and 291: algorithm using two HIV EIAs (Viron
Page 292 and 293: Figure A5.a. Structure and flow of
Page 294 and 295: Recruitment and training of results
Page 296 and 297: observe confidentiality of particip
Page 298 and 299: Documentation. Results counsellors
Page 300 and 301: Normalisation of weightsNormalised
Page 302 and 303: This report presents the results of
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