KAIS 2007 1 - Kenya National AIDS & STI Control Programme ...

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survivorship and living arrangements for children under the age of 18 years, as well as social andmaterial support for ill adult members and adult members who died in the year before the survey.Appendix B.14 provides sample sizes and 95% confidence intervals for estimates presented in thischapter. Throughout the chapter, the term significant indicates a chi‐square p‐value less than 0.05;marginally significant indicates a p‐value between 0.05 and 0.10, inclusive; and not significantindicates a p‐value greater than 0.10. For any analysis that compared results from the 2003 KDHS andthe 2007 KAIS data, the z‐test statistic was used to compare the two weighted estimates from 2003 and2007 and to determine if differences were statistically significant. Methods used for calculating the z‐test statistic are described further in Appendix A.Appendix B.14 also presents a table of general characteristics including household possession ofdurable goods and the physical condition of households, such as roofing material and source offuel, those these results are not discussed in the chapter.Population estimates reported in this chapter were calculated based on the total, national 2007projected population reported in The Analytical Report on Population Projections, Volume II, KenyanNational Bureau of Statistics (2002). Weighted national estimates for selected indicators from the 2007KAIS were used in these calculations. Detailed methods used for calculating population estimates aredescribed in Appendix A.14.3 HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITIONThis section presents information on the composition of households, including the sex of the headof household, the size of the household and the age distribution of household members. Thesecharacteristics are important because they may be associated with the welfare of the household.Female‐headed households, for example, typically have fewer resources than male‐headedhouseholds. In larger households, economic resources are often more limited as they have to beshared across more people. Additionally, where the household size is large, crowding can lead tohealth problems.KAIS 2007 242
Figure 14.3a Sex of head of household (HH) in rural and urban areas, Kenya 200780Female head of HHMale head of HHPercent of Households (%)60402061.5 60.4 61.238.5 39.6 38.80Rural Urban TotalFigure 14.3a Most households in both rural and urban areas were headed by men.Among all households, 61.2% were headed by men and 38.8% by women. These estimates weresimilar in all provinces, except in North Eastern province where a higher proportion ofhouseholds were headed by women than by men (58.5% vs. 41.6%, respectively). A significantlygreater percentage of households were headed by women in the 2007 KAIS (38.8%) compared tothe 2003 KDHS (31.7%), especially in urban areas where the percent of households with a femalehead significantly increased from 25.6% to 39.6%.Figure 14.3b Percent distribution ofhouseholds by residence, Kenya 2007While the urbanization of Kenya is ongoing,overall, the country remains largely rural. Of allhouseholds in the 2007 KAIS, 75.5% wereclassified as being located in rural areas, with25.5% located in urban areas.Urbanhouseholds25.5%Ruralhouseholds75.5%KAIS 2007 243
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KAIS 2007 1
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P.O. Box: 9361 Code: 00202 Nairobi,
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KEMRIKNASPKNBSKshLLITNMCHmlμLMOMSM
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KEY FINDINGS: HIV PREVENTION• Amo
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Among HIV‐uninfected women, 71.2%
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Men 5.4 26.3 1.9Total 7.1 35.1 1.8O
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Kenya is also committed to the “T
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Table 1.4 Distribution of sampled c
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1.7 SURVEY IMPLEMENTATIONTrainingIn
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Data processing included a number o
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Characteristic 2003 KDHS 2007 KAISQ
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Figure 1.11 Sampled clusters and el
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Table 1.11c Survey response rates b
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Population estimates reported in th
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2.4 HIV PREVALENCE AMONG YOUTHFigur
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Figure 2.6b HIV prevalence among ru
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2.7 HIV PREVALENCE BY PROVINCEFigur
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Figure 2.7c Estimated number of HIV
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2.9 HIV PREVALENCE BY EDUCATION LEV
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Figure 2.10b HIV prevalence among r
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2.11 HIV PREVALENCE BY TIME AWAY FR
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2.13 MALE CIRCUMCISION AND ASSOCIAT
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Figure 2.13c HIV prevalence among c
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Comparison of HIV Prevalence in the
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3.3 SEXFigure 3.3a HIV prevalence a
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Figure 3.4b. HIV prevalence among m
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3.7 PROVINCEFigure 3.7a HIV prevale
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2003 KDHS 1 2007 KAIS 2Marital stat
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3.10 WEALTH INDEXFigure 3.10a HIV p
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DATA IN CONTEXT: APPROACHES TO HIV
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Figure 4.3c Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.3e Ever been tested for HI
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Figure 4.3g Women aged 15-49 years
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Figure 4.4a Time since last HIV tes
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Figure 4.5a Reasons for not testing
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Increasing access to HIV testing wi
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4.7. Gaps and unmet needs• Two‐
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Figure 5.3b Self-reported HIV statu
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This section examines participants
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Figure 5.5a Knowledge of HIV status
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Figure 5.5c Percent of partnerships
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uninfected. A couple was considered
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Figure 5.6c Women and men aged 15-6
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Sexual Partners, Sexual DebutCircum
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Figure 6.3b. HIV prevalence among w
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Figure 6.3d. HIV prevalence among w
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Figure 6.3f. Men aged 15-64 years r
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In this section, “consistent cond
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Figure 6.4c. Marital or cohabiting
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Figure 6.5b. Young women and men ag
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Figure 6.5d. Young women and men ag
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Figure 6.6a. Male circumcision amon
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Figure 6.6d. HIV prevalence among m
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs ch
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Figure 7.3b. Most common source of
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Figure 7.3c Women and men aged 15-6
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Figure 7.3e Overall scores for 12 q
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Figure 7.3g Women and men aged 15-6
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Figure 7.3i Correct responses to se
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• If a female teacher has the AID
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7.5. Perceived risk of HIV infectio
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Figure 7.5c Reasons given for havin
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7.6. Attitudes toward women’s rol
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who had never been tested for HIV o
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8.2 INTRODUCTIONIn the absence of i
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8.3 ANTENATAL CLINIC ATTENDANCE, 20
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8.4 KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TR
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The analysis in this section consid
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Figure 8.5b Women aged 15-49 years
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• Incorrect communication or unde
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8.8 CURRENTLY PREGNANT WOMEN: HIV T
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Among currently pregnant women, 7.1
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Among pregnant, HIV‐uninfected wo
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Figure 8.11b Desire for a child in
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8.12 CONTRACEPTIVE USEThe next figu
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Figure 8.12c Contraceptive use* amo
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Blood and Injection Safety chapter
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D ATA IN C ONTEXT: N ATIONAL B LOOD
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Figure 9.3a Source of blood donatio
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Figure 9.3b Source of blood donatio
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Figure 9.3d Source of blood donatio
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9.4 Blood transfusionsAlthough the
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10080Injec tionsPillsNo preferenceW
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HIV prevalence among adults who rep
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9.6 Gaps and unmet needs• HIV pre
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The Ministry of Medical Services re
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10.3 COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS FOR
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Coverage also varied significantly
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10.4 ARV ELIGIBILITY, COVERAGE AND
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ARV coverage was estimated by takin
Page 191 and 192: Figure 10.4b ARV coverage among HIV
Page 193 and 194: DATA IN CONTEXTEstimates of HIV-inf
Page 195 and 196: 10.5 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• The es
Page 197 and 198: debilitating illness leading to hos
Page 199 and 200: Among HIV‐infected adults (83.6%
Page 201 and 202: Figure 11.3d HIV-infected adults ag
Page 203 and 204: Figure 11.4b HIV-infected adults ag
Page 205 and 206: Figure 11.4d HIV-infected adults ag
Page 207 and 208: DATA IN CONTEXTHIV Basic Care Packa
Page 209 and 210: Figure 11.5b HIV-infected adults ag
Page 211 and 212: Figure 11.6b Percent of HIV-infecte
Page 213 and 214: 11.8 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Counse
Page 215 and 216: 12.3 HSV-2 prevalenceHSV‐2 preval
Page 217 and 218: 807071.0WomenMen64.3HSV-2 Prevalenc
Page 219 and 220: Figure 12.3d HSV-2 prevalence among
Page 221 and 222: Figure 12.4b HSV-2 prevalence among
Page 223 and 224: Figure 12.5a HIV prevalence by HSV-
Page 225 and 226: Figure 12.6b Condom use during last
Page 227 and 228: 12.7 Gaps and unmet needs• Increa
Page 229 and 230: also at substantially elevated risk
Page 231 and 232: Figure 13.3b Prevalence of syphilis
Page 233 and 234: Figure 13.3d Prevalence of syphilis
Page 235 and 236: Figure 13.3f Prevalence of syphilis
Page 237 and 238: Figure 13.4b Prevalence of syphilis
Page 239 and 240: 13.6 GAPS AND UNMET NEEDS• Patien
Page 241: Household Characteristics andImpact
Page 245 and 246: Figure 14.3d Household population,
Page 247 and 248: 14.5 PREVALENCE OF HIV-AFFECTED HOU
Page 249 and 250: Figure 14.5c HIV-affected household
Page 251 and 252: social and economic conditions of h
Page 253 and 254: households used chemical disinfecta
Page 255 and 256: 14.7 HOUSEHOLD OWNERSHIP OF MOSQUIT
Page 257 and 258: Figure 14.7b HIV-affected and HIV-u
Page 259 and 260: Table 14.7b Source of bednets among
Page 261 and 262: Overall, 52.3% percent of children
Page 263 and 264: 14.9 CARE AND SUPPORT FOR ORPHANS A
Page 265 and 266: For consistency with other populati
Page 267: Returning Test Results15.1 KEY FIND
Page 270 and 271: Figure 15.3b. Participants aged 15-
Page 272 and 273: Figure 15.3d. Participants aged 15-
Page 274 and 275: Figure 15.3f. Participants aged 15-
Page 276 and 277: 15.4 RETURNING TO RECEIVE TEST RESU
Page 278 and 279: Figure 15.5 Women aged 15-64 years
Page 280 and 281: Methods of the 2007 KAISThis Append
Page 282 and 283: ClustersHouseholdsProvince Rural Ur
Page 284 and 285: and treatment services and other he
Page 286 and 287: The KEMRI Ethical Review Committee
Page 288 and 289: Red top (5 ml)Whole blood collected
Page 290 and 291: algorithm using two HIV EIAs (Viron
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Figure A5.a. Structure and flow of
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Recruitment and training of results
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observe confidentiality of particip
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Documentation. Results counsellors
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Normalisation of weightsNormalised
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This report presents the results of
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