Mplus Users Guide v6.. - Muthén & Muthén

CHAPTER 14conjunction with the | symbol. In these cases, the covariancesamong continuous latent independent variables are fixed at zero. Inmultiple class analysis, free covariances among continuous latentindependent variables are equal across classes.• In single group analysis and multiple group analysis, covariancesamong continuous latent independent variables and observedindependent variables are free except when the continuous latentvariables are random effect variables defined by using ON orXWITH in conjunction with the | symbol or in multiple classanalysis. In these cases, the covariances among continuous latentindependent variables and observed independent variables are fixedat zero.• Covariances among observed variables not explicitly dependent orindependent are fixed at zero.• Residual covariances among observed dependent variables andamong continuous latent dependent variables are fixed at zero withthe following exceptions:• In single group analysis and multiple group analysis,residual covariances among observed dependent variablesare free when neither variable influences any other variable,when the variables are not factor indicators, and when thevariables are either continuous, censored (using weightedleast squares), or categorical (using weighted least squares).In multiple class analysis, free residual covariances amongobserved dependent variables are equal across classes.• In single group analysis and multiple group analysis,residual covariances among continuous latent dependentvariables that are not indicators of a second-order factor arefree when neither variable influences any other variableexcept its own indicators, except when they are randomeffect variables defined by using ON or XWITH inconjunction with the | symbol. In these cases, thecovariances among continuous latent independent variablesare fixed at zero. In multiple class analysis, free residualcovariances among continuous latent dependent variablesare equal across classes.Following are the default settings for regression coefficients:• Regression coefficients are fixed at zero unless they are explicitlymentioned in the MODEL command. In multiple group analysis,410