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Mplus Users Guide v6.. - Muthén & Muthén

Mplus Users Guide v6.. - Muthén & Muthén

Mplus Users Guide v6.. - Muthén & Muthén

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CHAPTER 172001). The target factor loading values are used to guide the rotation ofthe factor loading matrix. Typically these values are zero. For theTARGET rotation, a minimum number of target values must be given forpurposes of model identification. For the default oblique TARGETrotation, the minimum is m(m-1) where the m is the number of factors.For the orthogonal TARGET rotation, the minimum is m(m-1)/2. Thetarget values are given in the MODEL command using the tilde (~)symbol. The target values are specified in a BY statement using the tilde(~) symbol as follows:f1 BY y1-y5 y1~0 (*1);f2 BY y1-y5 y5~0 (*1);where the target factor loading values for the factor indicator y1 forfactor f1 and y5 for factor f2 are zero.ONThe ON option is used to describe the regression relationships in themodel and is short for regressed on. The general form of the ONstatement is:y ON x;where y is a dependent variable and x is an independent variable.Dependent and independent variables can be observed or latentvariables.In the previous figure, the structural relationships are the regressions ofthe continuous latent variables f1 and f2 on the nine independentvariables x1 through x9. The ON statements shown below are used tospecify these regressions:f1 ON x1-x9;f2 ON x1-x9;These statements specify that regression coefficients are free to beestimated for f1 and f2 regressed on the independent variables x1through x9 with default starting values of zero.578

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