Mplus Users Guide v6.. - Muthén & Muthén

CHAPTER 16where the first two numbers, 3 and 4, are the lower and upper limits onthe number of factors to be extracted on the within level, UW* specifiesthat an unrestricted within-level model is estimated, the second twonumbers, 1 and 2, are the lower and upper limits on the number offactors to be extracted on the between level, and UB* specifies that anunrestricted between-level model is estimated. The within- andbetween-level specifications are crossed. In the example shown above,the three- and four-factor models and the unrestricted model on thewithin level are estimated in combination with the one- and two-factormodels and the unrestricted model on between resulting in ninesolutions.If UW and UB are used instead of UW* and UB*, the unrestrictedmodels are not estimated but instead the model parameters are fixed atthe sample statistic values. This can speed up the analysis.For multilevel exploratory factor analysis, the TYPE option can bespecified using only numbers or the UW* and UB* specifications foreach level. For example,TYPE = TWOLEVEL EFA 3 4 UB*;specifies that three- and four-factors models on the within level areestimated in combination with an unrestricted model on the betweenlevel.TYPE = TWOLEVEL EFA UW* 12;specifies that an unrestricted model on the within level is estimated incombination with one- and two-factor model on the between level.ESTIMATORThe ESTIMATOR option is used to specify the estimator to be used inthe analysis. The following section discusses frequentist estimation.The next section discusses Bayesian estimation.FREQUENTIST ESTIMATIONFor frequentist estimation, the default estimator differs depending on thetype of analysis and the measurement scale of the dependent variable(s).530