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Mplus Users Guide v6.. - Muthén & Muthén

Mplus Users Guide v6.. - Muthén & Muthén

Mplus Users Guide v6.. - Muthén & Muthén

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CHAPTER 16With multiple chains, parallel computing uses one chain per processor.To benefit from this speed advantage, it is important to specify thenumber of processors using the PROCESSORS option.BSEEDThe BSEED option is used to specify the seed to use for random numbergeneration in the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) chains. Thedefault is zero. If one chain is used, the seed is used for this chain. Ifmore than one chain is used, the seed is used for the first chain and is thebasis for generating seeds for the other chains. The randomly generatedseeds for the other chains can be found in TECH8. If the same seed isused in a subsequent analysis, the other chains will have the same seedsas in the previous analysis. To request a seed other than zero be used,specify:BSEED = 5437;STVALUESThe STVALUES option is used to specify starting value information(Asparouhov & <strong>Muthén</strong>, 2010). The STVALUES option has threesettings: UNPERTURBED, PERTURBED, and ML. The default isUNPERTURBED. If the UNPERTURBED setting is specified, thedefault or user-specified starting values are used. If the PERTURBEDsetting is used, a BSEED value must be specified. The default or userspecifiedstarting values are randomly perturbed using the BSEED value.If the ML setting is used, the model is first estimated using maximumlikelihood estimation and the maximum likelihood parameter estimatesare used as starting values in the Bayesian analysis. To request thatmaximum likelihood parameters be used as starting values, specify:STVALUES = ML;MEDIATORThe MEDIATOR option is used to specify how a categorical mediatorvariable is treated when it is an independent variable in a regression.The MEDIATOR option has two settings: LATENT and OBSERVED.The default is LATENT where the mediator is treated as a continuouslatent response variable underlying the categorical variable unless data560

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