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Mplus Users Guide v6.. - Muthén & Muthén

Mplus Users Guide v6.. - Muthén & Muthén

Mplus Users Guide v6.. - Muthén & Muthén

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CHAPTER 17By placing an asterisk (*) after y1, the factor loading for y1 is estimatedusing the starting value of one. By placing @1 after y2, the factorloading for y2 is fixed at one. Likewise, by placing an asterisk (*) aftery6, the factor loading for y6 is estimated using the starting value of one.By placing @1 after y7, the factor loading for y7 is fixed at one.The @ symbol can be used to fix any parameter in a model. Thefollowing example fixes the covariance between f1 and f2 at zero:f1 WITH f2@0;CONSTRAINING PARAMETER VALUES TO BEEQUALParameters can be constrained to be equal by placing the same number inparentheses following the parameters that are to be held equal. Thisconvention can be used for all parameters.Following is an example in which regression coefficients, residualvariances, and residual covariances are held equal:y1 ON x1 (1) ;y2 ON x2 (1) ;y3 ON x3 (1) ;y1 y2 y3 (2);y1 WITH y2-y3 (3);In the above example, the regression coefficients for the threeregressions are constrained to be equal, the three residual variances areconstrained to be equal, and the two residual covariances are constrainedto be equal.There can be only one number in parentheses on each line. If astatement continues on more than one line, the number in parenthesesmust be stated at the end of each line.For example,f1 BY y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7 y8 y9 y10 y11 y12 (1)590

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