Private Academies of Chinese Learning in Meiji Japan: The Decline ...

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PRIVATE ACADEMIES OF CHINESE LEARNING IN MEIJI JAPAN 99Efforts to commemorate Ikeda Sōan and Seikei shoin continueto this day (Chapter 6). Thus it appears that Ikeda’s desire to beremembered by posterity, even though he lead a quiet andsecluded life, has been granted.THE COUNTRY SCHOLARS: TSUNETŌ SEISŌAND MURAKAMI BUTSUSANIf kangaku juku continued to be important in Tokyo, where most ofthe new schools for Western education were concentrated, theyplayed an even greater role in rural areas, where educationalprovision lagged behind for a long time. Fukuoka prefecture is agood example.One of the most enduring juku was Zōshun’en, established in1824 in Buzen by Tsunetō Seisō (1803–61). 68 Born into a family ofConfucian scholars, many of them doctors, he is said to haveloved books and poetry from an early age. In 1819 he enteredHirose Tansō’s Kangien, where he studied for five years andbecame prefect (jukuchō). Even after he left he continued to keepin touch with his teacher. Seisō travelled to Nagasaki, where helived with Takashima Shūhan. He continued to travel after hehad established his juku.Seisō modelled his juku, at first named Jienkan, after Kangien. 69Even the layout of the buildings followed that of Kangien. TheTsunetō living quarters were in the middle of the grounds, with aseparate study. Next to the study was the schoolroom and behindit a two-storey building with dormitories. Behind these was alecture hall and more dormitories. Opposite the study, shieldedby a mud wall built by students, was a kitchen for the students.Outside the compound a three-storey building served forreceiving guests and holding poetry parties. The living quartersand study still remain (see Figures 4 and 5).The organization of the juku also owed much to Kangien.Students were divided into groups according to their ability andregular tests were held. There were ten groups, the tenth being fornewcomers whose level of knowledge was unclear. The othernine were divided into a lower rank (gekaisei; groups 9, 8), middle(chūkaisei, 7, 6) and upper rank (jōkaisei, 5 and above) for lessons.The curriculum was narrower than at Kangien, consisting mainlyof the Confucian classics and works on Japanese history, as thefollowing list of texts used shows: 70
100 CASE STUDIESFigure 4: Building of the former study at Zōshun’en. The building hasbeen restored and is part of the Tsunetō home. Photograph: the authorFigure 5: Plan of Zōshun’en, with lecture hall at the top left anddormitory at the top right and Tsunetō residence in the centre. The studyis just above the lake at the bottom of the picture. Photograph: the author
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PRIVATE ACADEMIES OF CHINESELEARNIN
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iii90. Olof G.Lidin: Tanegashima—
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Nordic Institute of Asian StudiesMo
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viiA woman changing with the times:
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Illustrations and TablesMAPPlaces m
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Preface and AcknowledgementsTHIS ST
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Notes on UsageJAPANESE WORDS ARE TR
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xvDay labourer, national average, p
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IntroductionTHE WORD JUKU (A PRIVAT
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INTRODUCTION 3period juku for other
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INTRODUCTION 5the 1870s, were stron
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INTRODUCTION 7Chapter 1 positions t
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INTRODUCTION 95 Nihon kyōikushi sh
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EDUCATION IN TRANSITION FROM THE TO
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CHAPTER TWOKangaku Juku in the Meij
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PRIVATE ACADEMIES OF CHINESE LEARNI
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Page 78 and 79: CHAPTER THREECase StudiesBEFORE DIS
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Page 134 and 135: CHAPTER FOURLife at the JukuWHAT WA
Page 136 and 137: LIFE AT THE JUKU 119If the entire p
Page 138 and 139: LIFE AT THE JUKU 121Hōkoku’s fam
Page 140 and 141: LIFE AT THE JUKU 123was transferred
Page 142 and 143: LIFE AT THE JUKU 125students of all
Page 144 and 145: LIFE AT THE JUKU 127The transformat
Page 146 and 147: LIFE AT THE JUKU 129Thus personal (
Page 148 and 149: LIFE AT THE JUKU 131expound back an
Page 150 and 151: LIFE AT THE JUKU 133The list includ
Page 152 and 153: LIFE AT THE JUKU 135Suisaien has al
Page 154 and 155: LIFE AT THE JUKU 137Possibly the de
Page 156 and 157: LIFE AT THE JUKU 139Kumamoto prefec
Page 158 and 159: LIFE AT THE JUKU 141there is a smal
Page 160 and 161: LIFE AT THE JUKU 143moment. From no
Page 162 and 163: LIFE AT THE JUKU 145them? /Work har
Page 164 and 165: LIFE AT THE JUKU 147the country. In
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 149chose this time
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 151from the juku a
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 153importance with
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department of Gyōsei gakkō. Thus
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 157yōgaku student
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 159Reminiscenses e
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 161of Kangien stud
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 163was variable, a
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 165Ikeda laments t
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 167Kumamoto Nichin
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 169Los Angeles: Un
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 17178 Yamamura, Ba
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 173kyōikuka (Roma
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 175around t
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 17795). Nis
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 179Hiramoto
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 181female.
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 183onwards
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 185debate o
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 187Kōun (b
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 189as an el
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 191by his p
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 193attended
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 195reflecti
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 197elsewher
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 199and pass
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 201potentia
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 20321 Shijo
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 20550 See a
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 20786 On to
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 209which Nar
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 211Figure 9:
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 213the aim t
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 215includes
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 217part of f
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 219from his
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 221publisher
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 223following
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 225juku, alt
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 227Confucian
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 229The study
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 231gratitude
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 233schools;
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 23527 The fo
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 23762 Thomas
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CONCLUSION 239Figure 10: Scene from
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CONCLUSION 241IS THE JUKU UNIQUE?Th
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CONCLUSION 243and the Byzantine Emp
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CONCLUSION 245would be monitored by
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Select BibliographyFor books on ind
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IndexThe main entry for titles of C
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INDEX 257Han fei zi. See Kanpishi.h
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INDEX 259Kobun shinpō (Guwen zhenb
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INDEX 261Readers of the Eight Maste
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INDEX 263Tatemori Manpei (Kō, Chū
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Private Academies of Chinese Learning in Meiji Japan: The Decline ...

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