Private Academies of Chinese Learning in Meiji Japan: The Decline ...

114 CASE STUDIES32 Hyakunenshi, 276–277.33 Hirano in Hyakunenshi, 218–22234 Text in Hyakunenshi, 207–209.35 Hyakunenshi, 387.36 An example is given by Patricia Gister, “Female Bunjin: The Life ofPoet-Painter Ema Saikō”, in Gail Bernstein, ed., Recreating JapaneseWomen,1600–1945 (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University ofCalifornia Press, 1991), 108–130.37 Miwada Masako sensei gojū nensai kinen shuppankai, ed., Baikano fu:Miwada Masako den (Miwada gakuen, 1977); Karasawa Tomio,“Miwada Masako”, Zusetsu kyōiku jinbutsu jiten (Kyūsei, 1984), 2:368–373; Miwada gakuen hyakunenshi henshū kikaku iinkai,Miwada gakuen hyakunenshi (Miwada gakuen, 1988). It is notentirely clear who Masako’s father was, since her mother wasmarried twice and Masako was later adopted into another family;Hyakunenshi, 3. See also Margaret Mehl, “Women Educators andthe Confucian Tradition in Meiji Japan (1868–1912): MiwadaMasako and Atomi Kakei”, Women’s History Review 10.4 (2001):579–602.38 Oshie gusa, quoted in Baika no fu, pp. 108–109. Details about Meiringakusha in Watanabe Fumiko, “Meiji ishinki ni okeru Ehime nojoshi kyōiku”, Ehime kindaishi kenkyū 40 (1981):21–42; 41 (1982):21–38; 42 (1982):10–22; 44/5 (1982):1–16.39 Quoted in Watanabe, “Meiji ishinki”, 41:33–35.40 Watanabe, “Meiji ishinki”, 41:36.41 Watanabe, “Meiji ishinki”, 42:13.42 Watanabe, “Meiji ishinki”, 42:16.43 Watanabe, “Meiji ishinki”, 42:17.44 Printed in Miwada gakuen hyakunenshi, 366–371. See also 42–44.45 Details in Miwada gakuen hyakunenshi, 44–45.46 Aikawa Miho, “Aoyama no ohaka mae ni te”, Miwada kōtōgakkōkōyūkaizasshi 66 (1937):51–53.47 More about Masako’s writings on women’s education in Mehl,“Women Educators”.48 Karasawa, “Miwada Masako”, 183–184.49 On the history of the school see Miwada gakuen Hyakunenshi.50 Miwada gakuen hyakunenshi, 479.51 The most important publications on Ikeda Sōan are: Toyoda Shōhachirō,Tajima Seijin (Yōkachō: Seikei shoin, 1983; first published1907). Okada Takehiko, Edoki no jūgaku (Mokujisha, 1982). HikitaSeiyū, “Ikeda Sōan”, in Ōnishi Harutaka, Hikita Seiyū, KasugaSen’an, Ikeda Sōan (Meitoku shuppansha, 1986) (Sōsho Nihon noshisōka, 44), 181–344. Ueda Hirao, Tajima Seijin Ikeda Sōan (Kasei: