Private Academies of Chinese Learning in Meiji Japan: The Decline ...

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CHAPTER TWOKangaku Juku in the Meiji PerioidTHE ASSERTION THAT JUKU PLAYED A KEY ROLE forseveral years after 1872 is partly based on numbers. They may behard to establish and to interpret, but they clearly show thegeneral trends. They also show considerable variation fromprefecture to prefecture and even within prefectures (this ishardly surprising, since the prefectures cut across the olderadministrative boundaries and could include fairly diversedistricts). Juku attendance is even more difficult to measure, butthe evidence suggests that there were different attendancepatterns, which shed light on the different functions a juku couldhave within the emerging modern system.JUKU AND JUKU ATTENDANCE AFTER 1868To assess the importance of juku in general is easier than toillustrate it in detail. The problem starts with numbers; theprivate and informal nature of juku means that statistical data arealmost always incomplete, since many juku were not reported.The starting point for any analysis of numbers is the shijukuterakoya charts in volumes 8 and 9 of NihonKyōikushi Shiryō(NKSS) compiled by the Ministry of Education. 1 These tables give—where known—the names of juku and terakoya for eachprefecture, the year they were opened and closed, the name ofthe master, the subjects taught and the number of teachers andstudents. The following numbers of juku are given in Table 1. Thecharts were compiled from reports which the prefectures had tosubmit in 1882–83. In Miyagi prefecture (as in others) theprefecture ordered the local governors to investigate and submitthe required information, which they did within two to threemonths. 2 Not all prefectures submitted, and the quality of
40 KANGAKU JUKU IN THE MEIJI PERIODTable 1: Numbers of juku
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PRIVATE ACADEMIES OF CHINESELEARNIN
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iii90. Olof G.Lidin: Tanegashima—
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Page 10 and 11: Illustrations and TablesMAPPlaces m
Page 12 and 13: Preface and AcknowledgementsTHIS ST
Page 14 and 15: Notes on UsageJAPANESE WORDS ARE TR
Page 16 and 17: xvDay labourer, national average, p
Page 18 and 19: IntroductionTHE WORD JUKU (A PRIVAT
Page 20 and 21: INTRODUCTION 3period juku for other
Page 22 and 23: INTRODUCTION 5the 1870s, were stron
Page 24 and 25: INTRODUCTION 7Chapter 1 positions t
Page 26 and 27: INTRODUCTION 95 Nihon kyōikushi sh
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PRIVATE ACADEMIES OF CHINESE LEARNI
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CHAPTER FOURLife at the JukuWHAT WA
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 119If the entire p
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 121Hōkoku’s fam
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 123was transferred
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 125students of all
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 127The transformat
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 129Thus personal (
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 131expound back an
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 133The list includ
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 135Suisaien has al
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 137Possibly the de
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 139Kumamoto prefec
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 141there is a smal
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 143moment. From no
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 145them? /Work har
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 147the country. In
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 149chose this time
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 151from the juku a
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 153importance with
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department of Gyōsei gakkō. Thus
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 157yōgaku student
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 159Reminiscenses e
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 161of Kangien stud
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 163was variable, a
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 165Ikeda laments t
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 167Kumamoto Nichin
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 169Los Angeles: Un
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 17178 Yamamura, Ba
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LIFE AT THE JUKU 173kyōikuka (Roma
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 175around t
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 17795). Nis
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 179Hiramoto
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 181female.
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 183onwards
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 185debate o
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 187Kōun (b
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 189as an el
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 191by his p
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 193attended
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 195reflecti
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 197elsewher
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 199and pass
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 201potentia
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 20321 Shijo
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 20550 See a
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THE DECLINE OF THE JUKU 20786 On to
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 209which Nar
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 211Figure 9:
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 213the aim t
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 215includes
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 217part of f
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 219from his
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 221publisher
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 223following
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 225juku, alt
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 227Confucian
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 229The study
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 231gratitude
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 233schools;
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 23527 The fo
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THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 23762 Thomas
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CONCLUSION 239Figure 10: Scene from
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CONCLUSION 241IS THE JUKU UNIQUE?Th
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CONCLUSION 243and the Byzantine Emp
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CONCLUSION 245would be monitored by
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Select BibliographyFor books on ind
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IndexThe main entry for titles of C
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INDEX 257Han fei zi. See Kanpishi.h
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INDEX 259Kobun shinpō (Guwen zhenb
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INDEX 261Readers of the Eight Maste
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INDEX 263Tatemori Manpei (Kō, Chū
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Private Academies of Chinese Learning in Meiji Japan: The Decline ...

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