Private Academies of Chinese Learning in Meiji Japan: The Decline ...

58 KANGAKU JUKU IN THE MEIJI PERIODBakumatsuishinki ni okeru kangaku juku no sōgōteki kenkyū, 2 vols.(Saga: Bakumatsu ishin kangaku juku kenkyūkai, 1998), 1:15–40.23 Kanbe, Nihon ni okeru chūgakkō, 674; the number may be higher,since someone having inherited the juku from his father wouldsometimes describe himself as the founder in the application.24 Tokyo-to kyōiku shi (ed. and publ. by Tōkyō toritsu kyōikushikenkyūsho, 1974), 688–670.25 Meiji 16 nen Tōkyō-fu kannai shiritsu sho gakkō hyō; analysed inKanbe Yasumitsu, “Meiji zenki ni okeru Tōkyō-fu no kangakujuku”, in Bakumatsu ishinki ni okeru kangaku juku no sōgōteki kenkyū,2:1–4.26 Kanbe Yasumitsu, “Tōkyō ni okeru kangaku juku no jittai—Meijigonen kaigaku gansho o chūshin to shite. Shiryōhen (kangaku jukujukusoku shū)”, Shigaku kyōiku kenkyū kiyō 7 (1960): 99–133.27 Kanbe Yasumitsu, Tōkyō no shijuku (Tokyo: Jōu kōtōgakkō, 1960),32.28 Kanbe, Nihon ni okeru chūgakkō, 752–773.29 Kanbe, “Tōkyō ni okeru kangaku juku no jittai”, 119.30 Since my study focuses on individual juku rather than aquantitative analysis of their importance for education after 1872,the following is neither comprehensive nor does it claim to berepresentative. In selecting the regions, apart from accessibility ofinformation, I have aimed for geographical spread, and forinclusion of prefectures with higher and lower numbers of juku. Itshould be noted that the prefectural boundaries did not alwaysfollow those of the previous administrative units, and that therecould be considerable variations within a prefecture, as forexample in Hyōgo.31 Information on the history of education in Okayama prefecture:Okayama-ken kyōikushi, 3 vols. (ed. and publ. Okayama kyōikukai,Okayama 1937; reprint Okayama-ken kyōiku kōmuin kōsaikai,San’yō shinbunsha, 1981); Hirota Masaki, Kurachi Katsunaka,eds., Okayama-ken no kyōikushi (Shibunkaku, 1988); AkiyamaKazuo, Okayama no kyōiku (Okayama: Nihon bunkyō shuppan,1972).32 Okayama-ken kyōikushi (ed. and publ. Okayama kyōikukai,Okayama, 1937), 3 vols.; vol.1, 315–323.33 A few examples have been examined. See Abe Takayoshi:“Bakumatsu ishinki Mimasaka no kangaku juku—Kyūkengakusha to Chihonkan”, in Bakumatsu ishin kangaku jukukenkyūkai, ed., Bakumatsu ishinki ni okerukangakujuku no sōgōtekikenkyū, 2 vols., Saga: Bakumatsu ishin kangaku juku kenkyūkai, vol.2, 1999, 55–70 and Abe Takayoshi, Sakai Miki: Bakumatsu ishinki