Private Academies of Chinese Learning in Meiji Japan: The Decline ...

THE LEGACY OF THE JUKU 23527 The following information is taken from Jōu gakuen 48 nenshihensan iinkai, ed., Jōu gakuen 48 nenshi (Jōu gakuen 48 nenshikankōkai, 1979).28 Jōu gakuen 48 nenshi, 41–42.29 Jōu gakuen 48 nenshi, 45–46.30 Kanbe, Nihon ni okeru chūgakkō, 900.31 Kōno Tsuneta, Shigaku no genryū (Jogakusha, 1958).32 The following is based on Karasawa Tomitarō, “Obara Kuniyoshi”in Zusetsu kyōiku jinbutsu jiten (3 vols., Gyōsei, 1984), 2:438–445 andTogakawa Takeshi, “Obara Kuniyoshi to Tamagawa Gakuen”,Bōsei 2.8 (1971):86–92.33 Yokoyama Ryōkichi, Hiroike Chikurō sensei shōden (Kashiwa:Hiroike gakuen shuppanbu, 1976).34 Shinohara Noboru, “Matsumae Shigeyoshi to Bōsei gakujuku”,Bōsei 2.8 (1971):93–95.35 The folk high schools are residential schools for (young) adults;they were inspired by N.F.S.Grundvig (1783–1872), whose aimwas to educate the Danish people for democracy. The first onewas established by Christian Flor in Rødding in 1844. ChristianKold, inspired by Grundtvig, taught in Ryslinge from 1851. Heattached particular importance to the Christian message and ahome-like atmosphere. There have been a total of 350–400 folkhigh schools in Denmark over the years, some of them (in thenineteenth century) small and local. They have inspired similarinstitutions in other countries; Poul Dam, “folkehøjskole”, DenStoreDanske Encyklopedi, vol. 6 (Copenhagen: DanmarksNationalleksikon A/S, 1996), 488–490.36 “Myth” is used broadly and inclusively here to refer to the mannerin which past events in people’s lives are told (and retold) andgiven meaning. See Raphael Samuel, Paul Thompson, eds., TheMyths We LiveBy (London: Routledge, 1990), 3–5.37 “Takamatsu no Mino sensei no juku”, Nihon oyobi Nihonjin 359(1938): 171.38 Contributions by Soejima, Akabori, Ichikawa, 155–156; 159–160;160–161.39 Contributions by Ishizaka, Saitō; 157–159; 160.40 Itō, 149–153.41 Saitō, 160.42 Ichikawa, 160–161.43 See Naka, Itō, Nihon kindai kyōiku shōshi, 181–196.44 Marshall, Learning to be Modern, 119–142.45 “Shinshū shōsho no juku to Shōka sonjuku”, Nihon oyobi Nihonjin,169–171.46 “Shōsei no mananda shijuku”, ibid., 162–168.