Private Academies of Chinese Learning in Meiji Japan: The Decline ...

258 PRIVATE ACADEMIES OF CHINESE LEARNING IN MEIJI JAPANfees, finance,68, 76, 84, 86, 95,96, 149, 160–165females at,108, 157, 180history2;~ Tokugawa period,11, 240–241numbers,38–42, 49, 52present-day,231–232.See also juku, cram schoolsregulations,63–66, 68, 71–72,73, 74, 76–77, 84, 85, 86, 95, 96,101–102, 135, 137–140, 177–178sources on,3–4student assistants,74, 135–136student numbers,46, 49, 67, 68,72, 79, 96–97, 102, 107–108, 151–155, 180–181students,43–44, 47, 109, 146,151–160subjects taught,2, 5, 11, 72, 86,105, 107, 134–135, 179teachers,46–47, 79, 116–127,129teaching methods,67, 74, 76, 83,94, 96, 100, 105–106, 127–135,228juku myth,7, 32, 207, 222–228, 229,239, 243jukuboku (servant). See juku,student assistantsjukuchō (prefect). See juku, studentassistantsjukushu (master). See juku, teachersjukusoku. See juku, regulationsjukutō (student leader, prefect). Seejuku, student assistantsJunshi (Xun zi),78jusha. See Confucian scholarKaetsu Taka (1868–1944),157kajuku (jiashu). See juku, definitionkakushu gakkō (miscellaneousschools),18, 28, 42, 46, 78Kamei Nanmei (1741–1814),12Kamei Shōyō (1773–1836),12Kan Chazan (Sazan, 1748–1827),3,160, 193, 215, 216Kanbe Yasumitsu (b.1929),219kanbun (Sino-Japanese),24–31passim,71, 80, 82, 132, 199Kanezaka Shinzui,189–190kangaku (Chinese learning).24–28,29, 32See also Confucianism;juku, curriculumKangaku no sato (MorohashiTetsuji Memorial Museum),216Kangien,3, 5, 12–13, 224, 227buildings,147final years,49–50, 193teaching at,131, 135and Tamagawa gakuen,222and Zōshun’en,98, 100, 107,160, 213kango (Chinese loanwords),31Kano Jigorō (1860–1938),80Kanpishi (Han fei zi),78, 100kanshi (Chinese poetry),25, 26, 105,107Kansho (Hanshu, History of the HanDynasty),100, 132, 133Kanzawa Shigeru (1848–1902),182–183Kasuga Sen’an (1811–78),90, 92, 93Katayama Sen (1859–1933),149,155, 163, 188–189Katō Tokurō (b.1898),196Kawada Ōkō (Takeshi, 1830–90),25, 122Keiō gijuku,20, 43, 133, 207, 224Kido Mei (1835–1916),195, 205–206 n.66Kimigabukuro (juku master inMiyagi prefecture),128, 131, 161Kiji honmatsu,132Kinshiroku (Jin si lu; Reflections onThings at Hand), 78, 94, 96