Private Academies of Chinese Learning in Meiji Japan: The Decline ...

LIFE AT THE JUKU 17178 Yamamura, Bakumatsu jusha no shōgai, 47.79 Yamamura, 50.80 Yamamura, 51.81 Yamamura, 52–56.82 Yōseijuku juku ki.83 On juku architecture see Kinki daigaku rikō gakubu kensetsugakka kenchikushi kenkyūshitsu (Sakurai Toshio, MatsuokaToshirō), ed. Kyōikushisetsu no kenchikuteki kenkyū. Shijuku Kansanrōno chōsa kenkyū o chūshin toshite (Osaka: Hachioshi bunkazai chōsakenkyūkai, 1983). See also Susan Hanley, Everyday Things inPremodern Japan: The Hidden Legacy of MaterialCulture (Berkeley andLos Angeles: University of California Press, 1997), 25–50.84 Kyōiku shisetsu no kenchikuteki kenkyū, 82.85 Chōzenkan yowa, 154–157; Chōzenkan gakujuku shiryō (2 vols., ed.and publ. Niigata-ken kyōiku iinkai, Niigata 1974).86 The Autobiography of Yukichi Fukuzawa, 60–92.87 Tokutomi Kenjirō, Footprints in the Snow. A novel of Meiji Japan,transl. by Kenneth Strong (London: George Allen and Unwin,1970), 84.88 Shōheita was the son of Yamamoto Shōzō (1845–1904), a wealthyfarmer, local administrator and activist in the farmers’ movement.The letters are dated 4, 15 and 22 May and were written in the sameyear, though which year is not clear; 1875 or 1876 seems likely,when Shōheita would have been 12 or 13 years old (informationfrom Nagaya Mikie, San’yō gakuen University; apparently thereexists a group photo from that time, which suggests these years).They are preserved in the Yamamoto family and printed inKurashiki-shi shi kenkyūkai, ed., Shinshū Kurashiki-shi shi(Kurashiki: San’yō shinbunsha, 1997), 11:1121–1123. “Shōbu” (Iris)is the fifth day of the fifth month by the old calender, that is, Juneby the new.89 Tani Kanjō ikō (Seikensha, 1912), 1:359.90 Shinshū Kurashiki-shi shi, 1121–1122.91 Kawada, former student or Ronseidō, in Kumamoto-kenkyōikukai, Kumamoto-ken kyōikushi (3 vols, Kyoto: Rinsen shoten,1975), 726–728.92 Katayama Sen jiden (Shinrisha, 1949), 89–90.93 Tani Kanjō ikō, 1:341–371.94 Quoted in Karasawa, Gakusei no rekishi, 11–12.95 In Footprints in the Snow she mended the narrator’s clothes andgave him plums from the master’s trees (p.89). In Aoyama’s juku inMito, she helped a small pupil climb onto the high veranda:Women of the MitoDomain, 13.96 Quoted in Kumamoto-ken kyōikushi, 727.