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Final Report - Asian Development Bank

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TA 4721-PRC: Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project<br />

<strong>Final</strong> <strong>Report</strong> Appendix 5<br />

Geographic distribution<br />

NINGSHAN TOAD: SCUTIGER NINGSHANENSIS<br />

Global: Recorded only in Ningshaan County, southern Shaanxi Province,<br />

China at elevations from 1,970 - 2,550m asl. Only two specimens<br />

have ever been collected.<br />

China: endemic to Ningshaan County, Shaanxi Province; known range lies<br />

just outside Niubeiliang National Nature Reserve<br />

Habitat and Ecology: Found near streams among grasses in mixed forest. The breeding<br />

habitat is unknown, but it is presumably in streams by larval<br />

development.<br />

Biomes: terrestrial, freshwater<br />

Habitats: forest - temperate<br />

shrubland - temperate<br />

wetlands (inland) - permanent rivers/streams/creeks (includes<br />

waterfalls)<br />

Conservation Status:<br />

Red List Category: Endangered (EN)<br />

Red List Criteria: B2ab(iii)<br />

Red List Category Rationale: Listed as Endangered in view of its area of occupancy of less than<br />

500 km 2 , with all individuals in only one location, and a continuing<br />

decline in the extent and quality of its habitat.<br />

Population size & trend: size unknown; population is thought to be decreasing<br />

Protection Status<br />

CITES: not listed<br />

China Red Data Book: Endangered (EN)<br />

National protection:<br />

Shaanxi protection: �<br />

Threats & constraints<br />

Main threats are a highly restricted range, human disturbance (including disturbance caused by<br />

human recreation, tourism, and possibly collecting). Key management constraints are lack of<br />

scientific knowledge of the ecology of the species, its distribution, habitat requirements and reasons<br />

for population decline.<br />

Research, survey and management recommendations<br />

Research & monitoring: Initiate field study to describe biology, ecology, and geographic<br />

distribution by season; prepare GIS databases and maps of locations;<br />

identify habitat preferences and delimit critical habitats with reference to<br />

the boundary of Niubeiliang NNR; quantify the trend of the wild<br />

population; identify and quantify threats to species survival.<br />

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