Final Report - Asian Development Bank

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TA 4721-PRC: Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project Final Report Appendix 4 riparian habitats in the QBCDA area. Investigate the economic potential of linking riparian management to livelihood development by creating small fishpond / wetlands for small-scale production of species endemic to the QBCDA river system 10 (e.g. Manchurian Trout) to increase and improve current riparian habitat conditions and aid species recovery. (iv) Investigations on permanent cover cropping systems for land removed from agriculture in the “Grain for Green” program to improve long term conservation measures whilst supporting livelihoods, e.g. investigations into production systems for endemic shrub and tree species for the production of medicinal herbs and oils, ‘coppice with standard systems’ for the production of craft based materials, permanent cover agro-forestry systems etc. (v) Habit restoration and management of controlled release areas as a halfway step for the wild release of Giant Panda, Crested Ibis etc. Monitoring and scientific research focused on information requirements for designing a controlled or wild release program (habitat restoration and management, animal behavior patterns etc) 10 This project could be linked to the river system water management improvements and management of the hydro electric stations in the QBCDA area 9
TA 4721-PRC: Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project Final Report Appendix 5 A. Introduction BIODIVERSITY OF THE QINLING MOUNTAINS 1. Increasing population pressures, cultural traditions, and economic development have degraded China's biological resources. The combination of a large population (over 1.3 billion people with an annual growth rate of 0.59 percent or nearly 8 million people) and limited land and water resources (only ten percent of the land area is arable and freshwater per capita is one fourth the world average) has caused extensive loss of habitats for housing, infrastructure, farming, logging, fuelwood collection, and livestock grazing. As a result, the IUCN World Conservation Union Red List of globally threatened species in China includes 804 species in total, 442 plants, and 362 animals. China’s own Red Data Book of threatened species includes a larger total. 2. The Agriculture Ministry reports that 30 percent of the Yellow River’s 150 fish species are extinct. The most recent documented extinction of a vertebrate in China was the Baiji or Yangzi River Dolphin in 2006. No verified sighting of a free-ranging South China Tiger has been reported since the early 1990s: Some scientists believe the sub-species is extinct outside of zoos. China’s Snub-nosed Monkeys have suffered local extinctions over the last 400 years, leaving the remaining four species in small, isolated populations and vulnerable to extinction. China’s ultimate flagship species, Giant Panda, was nearly lost before conservation efforts brought the global population back to over 1,500 animals. 3. In spite of the extinctions and the long lists of threatened species, Chinese Academy of Sciences estimates that 80 percent of China’s plant and animal biodiversity remains unknown. Many of the extinctions of fish species in China’s woodlands and wetlands will never be documented because they occurred before scientists could name and describe the species that were lost. More important, it is not possible to protect or recover many species whose survival is threatened by human activities because we have not yet learned that these species exist, where and how they live, and how they are threatened. 4. In terms of biodiversity conservation, modern China presents a mosaic of apparent contradictions. Unprecedented rates of extinction and rapidly escalating human-caused threats to wildlife are occurring at a time when China’s nature reserve systems is growing rapidly toward a 2050 goal of 2,000 protected areas. China’s policy, legal, and regulatory framework for nature conservation is among the world’s strongest, and is continually improving (Annex 1). There is little question that China’s growing network of protected areas combined with its policy and legal framework could reverse most of the deteriorating trends in biodiversity if management, implementation and enforcement were carried out as written, and supported by updates to adapt to changing situations (such as the new nature reserve law now being drafted). In support of this contention, several key components of the biodiversity conservation policy and legal framework are listed in the paragraphs below. 5. The Forest Law (revised in 1986), specifies goals of maintaining an average of 30 percent forest cover over the entire country, including 40 percent in mountainous areas, and prohibits logging in protected areas. It also imposes strong penalties for illegal felling of trees and attempts to establish closer links between harvesting and reforestation. The Environmental Protection Law of 1989 promotes rational use of natural resources and facilitates the development of a comprehensive system of nature reserves. The Wildlife Conservation Law of 1989 includes categories of protection for endangered and threatened wildlife. 6. China is increasingly active in international nature conservation efforts. China participates in the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Program, and ratified the Ramsar Convention in 1992 and the Biodiversity Convention in 1993. China acceded to CITES, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna, in 1994. 7. National environmental strategies and actions plans have also been prepared as required by China’s accedence to international conventions. A national nature conservation strategy was produced in 1987 that provided a general overview of conservation status and trends. A Biodiversity Conservation Action Plan was completed in 1993 with assistance from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and IDA, and was approved by the State Council, which establishes national priorities in biodiversity. A National Environment Conservation Action Plan was approved by the State Council. 1
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Technical Assistance Consultant’s
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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as at 1 June
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WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 15 mu = 1 hect
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APPENDIXES (PRESENTED IN SEPARATE V
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LOAN AND PROJECT SUMMARY Borrower P
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Implementation Arrangements The Sha
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Figure 1: Map 1 - The Project Area
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ix Figure 3: Map 3 - Google Image o
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Figure 5: Map 5 - Natural Plant Hab
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Figure 7: Map 7: Shaanxi Louguantai
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II. RATIONALE: SECTOR PERFORMANCE,
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maintain ever-increasing staff leve
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(xiii) lack of national, regional,
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low salaries, poor benefits and ina
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2 B. Supervision TA 4721-PRC: Prepa
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GEFSEC PROJECT ID: EA PROJECT ID: C
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i) Tourism 5. One of the strongest
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14. Poor rural households had few o
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and fauna due in large part to the
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31. The Qinling Mountain ecosystem
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continuing communication among stak
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development under construction, (v)
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) Objective 50. The impact of the p
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60. The current animal rescue and e
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Source (PPTA Estimates) 69. The rev
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77. Institutional Strengthening The
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awareness and understanding of mark
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92. The main risk to the Project’
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modify the drivers of biodiversity
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Expected Project National Biodivers
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Strategic Objectives and Indicative
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after 5 years. It is suggested that
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the lessons from the Project. All m
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119. The SPG commitment is demonstr
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130. In output 1, GEF financing of
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Tracking Tool for GEF Biodiversity
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the current tourism portfolio. This
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Please answer YES or NO to each sta
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Ecological Function Conservation Ar
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ADB TA 4271 Shaanxi Qinling Biodive
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