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126 TA 4721-PRC: Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project Final Report Appendix 5 3.2.3 Water Systems The project area is rich in water resources, as indicated by the ancient saying that “there are seventy two waterways to wade so that foot passengers rarely need to put on their own shoes while traveling across the streams”. There are 13 rivers flowing through the project area. Tianyuhe River, one of the thirteen rivers, has a catchments area of 262 square kilometers and flows 57.6 km. Runoff is 2.6 m 3 /sec and the flow is stable and its water is slightly alkaline, belonging to sodium bicarbonate type of water. The stream has no chemical pollution and water quality is good. Its rich water resources provide good conditions for constructing special gardens for hydrophytes and exploiting tourism. 3.2.4 Soils The soils of the project area are mainly Luvic cinnamon soil, skeletal soil, brown soil, loess soil and mountain meadow soil. Lou soil, mainly occurring in the zone of plant ex situ conservation, has such advantages as light texture and loose structure in its upper part and heavy texture and compact structure in its lower part, and high water- and fertilizer-retaining capacities and high drought-resistant and high waterlogging-tolerant capacities. In addition, because it has a thick soil layer, a flat topography and a high fertility, it is suitable for the plants in the zone of plant ex situ conservation to grow and develop. 3.3 Brief Biodiversity Description Because of its unique geographic location, diverse climatic types and rich topographical types, the project area will provide suitable habitats and conditions for various biota to live, reproduce and survive. At the same time, it has diverse ecosystems typical of forest ecosystems, perfect natural, historical and topographical evidence of the Quaternary Period glaciers and very striking natural landscapes, so it is usually referred to as “the gene bank of living things” and “the biodiversityenrichment zone”. 3.3.1 Diverse Ecosystems The project area will mainly contain three parts, water ecosystems, forest ecosystem and meadows. Because it has rich water resources and fertile land, it is suitable for aquatic animals and plants, microorganisms and terrestrial plants to grow and reproduce. It contain rich forest ecosystems which distribute in the order of minor fruit tree forests and secondary shrubs, Platycladus orientalis forest, Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata forest, broadleaf and needleleaf mixed forest, Betula albo-sinensis forest, Abies fargesii forest, Larix chinensis forest and subalpine scrubs from its flat regions to its subalpine mountains with an elevation 3000 meters above sea level. Meadows mainly occur in the subalpine regions. 3.3.2 Diverse Species Qinling Mountains has 3,100 species of seed plants, which belong to 892 genera and 158 families. The 3,100 species of seed plants include 192 seed plants endemic to the Qinling, 44 seed plants such as Larix chinensis and Kingdonia uniflora that are listed as precious, rare and endangered species of national priority conservation and 49 seed plants that are in severe danger of extinction. The Qinling has more than 600 kinds of wild animals of which there are precious giant panda, crested ibis, snubnosed monkey and takin of national conservation. In addition, Qinling Mountains is rich in edible and medicinal fungi. The animals and plants listed above are found in the project area. The animals and plants show a clear vertical distribution and the details about their distribution are shown in the figure of the vertical variations of natural factors on the northern side of the Qinling. 3.4 Vegetation of the Project Area The project area lies on the north slope of the Qinling Mountains at N 33°43’–34°04’ and E 108°13’– 108°29’. The landform is complex and ecological conditions vary greatly over the project area. Based on surveys that are incomplete, there are 1,230 seed plant belonging to 128 families, which account for about 42% of all seed plants of the Qinling Mountains. Many species are nationality protected rare plants. There are peak vegetation zones which have structures intact from the deciduous broadleaved forests of the warm temperate zone to the coniferous forests of the cold temperate zone.
TA 4721-PRC: Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project Final Report Appendix 5 3.4.1 Vegetation Type Based on the color, species composition and structure of plant communities, and environmental characteristics, the vegetation is categorized into five types basically consistent with the vegetation type of North Slope in Qinling Mountains, (1) secondary growth shrubland, (2) deciduous broadleaved forest, (3) coniferous broadleaved mixed forest, (4) coniferous forest and (5) subalpine shrubland. 3.4.1.1 Second Growth Shrubbery The vegetation type located at the foot of the mountains and on low hills at elevations below 700 m near the exit of Tianyu River. Because of frequent human activity, natural vegetation has disappeared and the existing vegetation, which is second growth shrubs and cultivated sundry fruit forests, developed after the original vegetation was destroyed. Main plants include Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa, Deutzia discolor, Lonicera hispida, Jasminum nudiflorum, Periploca sepium, Lespedeza floribunda, Salix caprea, Ulmus pumila, Broussonetia papyrifera, Neillia sinensis, Pyrus betulaefolia, Cephalotaxus sinensis. Main herbaceous plants are Phragmites communis, Poa annua, Bromus japonicus, Melica scabrosa, Alopecurus aequalis, Setatia viridis, Carex leucochlora, Carex giraldiana, Belamcanda chinensis, Polygonum aviculare, Chenopodum glaucum, Arenaria serpylifolia, Ranunculus japonicus, Macleaya microcarpa, Corydlis edulis, Descurainia Sophia, Capsella bursapastoris, Duchesnea indica, Potentilla chinensis, Agrimonia pilosa var. japonica. 3.4.1.2 Deciduous Broadleaved Forest Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata forest This forest occurs at elevations from 1400-2000 m, where forest soil is hill brown soil, the soil layer is deeper and humidity is higher. The forest color is uniform; canopy cover is about 0.8; the basic species is Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata and the species composition is simpler. Sometimes mixed growth species are Castanea mollissima, Corylus siediana, Acer grosseri, Pinus armandii and Populus davidiana. There are Symplocos paniculata, Berberis dolichobotrys, Sorbaria arborea var. glabrata, Spiraea uratensis, Rosa giraldii and Viburnum betulifolium in the shrub layer. The species of the herbaceous layer are many and the most common are Aquilegia yabeana, Ranunculus japonicus, Thalictrum sp., Rheum palmatum, Polygonum multiflorum and other tens of species. The life-type registers of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata forest give priority to the phaenerophyte; the geophyte take second place and the proportion of hemicrytophyte is lower than geophyte which reflect climate character of warm, wet summers and long winter. The synusia of forest is basic homology with common deciduous broadleaved forest in temperate zone. Betula albo-sinensis forest The forest type occurs mainly on Shouyang Mountain and Guangtou Mountain and at elevations from 2100–2500 m, near the mountain top. The soil is hill dark palm soil in forest communities. The structure of plant communities is simple; color of the community is uniform and the canopy closure degree is about 0.6. The basic species are Betula albo-sinensis and Betula utilis, but Betula albosinensis is dominant and forms single-species stands. Betula utilis only grows in mixed communities or in pure stands in narrow belts at the upper elevation edge of the forest zone. Betula utilis forest is a connecting forest zone between the Betula albo-sinensis forest and the Abies fargesii forest. All composing species are deciduous except Abies fargesii, Tsuga chinensis and Rhododendron purdomii. There are Lonicera serreana, Viburnum betulifolium, Lonicera webbiana and Rribes acuminatum in the shrub layer. The species of the herbaceous layer are many and the common are Carex kwangtoushanica, Arisaema consanfuineum, Smilax menispermoides, Aletris glabra, Clintonia udensis, Convallaria keiskei, Streptopus obtusatus, Polygonatum verticillatum, Allium prattii, Iris goniocarpa, Perularia ussuriensis, Herminium monorchis, Liparis japonica, Asarum himalaicum, Rheum officonale, Cerastium arvense, Paeonia veitchii, Aquilegia ecalcarata, Souliea vaginata, Delphinium henryi, Cardamine engleriana, Draba layginii, Rhodiola dumulosa and Saxifraga giraldiana. The life-type registers of Betula albo-sinensis forest give priority to the phaenerophyte and the geophytes take second place. 127
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Technical Assistance Consultant’s
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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as at 1 June
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WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 15 mu = 1 hect
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APPENDIXES (PRESENTED IN SEPARATE V
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LOAN AND PROJECT SUMMARY Borrower P
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Implementation Arrangements The Sha
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Figure 1: Map 1 - The Project Area
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ix Figure 3: Map 3 - Google Image o
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Figure 5: Map 5 - Natural Plant Hab
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Figure 7: Map 7: Shaanxi Louguantai
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II. RATIONALE: SECTOR PERFORMANCE,
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maintain ever-increasing staff leve
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(xiii) lack of national, regional,
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low salaries, poor benefits and ina
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and mature product compared to othe
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into the Province’s tourism indus
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on Land Degradation in Dryland Ecos
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CNY 37million to CNY 64million in 2
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91. Revenue will be generated throu
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100. Improved Village and Forest-ba
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plan budget. Provision for this arr
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Component Sub-component Table 4: Pr
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Table 5: Project Investment Plan ($
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Qinling National Botanical Garden (
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Position Package A: Package A -SARC
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covered in these reports. Within 6
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water supplies, (v) a program to im
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160. Other risks relate to (i) the
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was between CNY 900 and CNY 1156 pe
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183. A major lesson from tourism re
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2 Design Summary Outputs Component
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4 Design Summary Component III: Ins
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6 TA 4721-PRC: Preparing the Shaanx
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4 Indigenous People 2 TA 4721-PRC:
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GEFSEC PROJECT ID: EA PROJECT ID: C
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i) Tourism 5. One of the strongest
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14. Poor rural households had few o
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and fauna due in large part to the
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31. The Qinling Mountain ecosystem
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continuing communication among stak
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development under construction, (v)
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) Objective 50. The impact of the p
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60. The current animal rescue and e
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Source (PPTA Estimates) 69. The rev
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77. Institutional Strengthening The
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awareness and understanding of mark
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92. The main risk to the Project’
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modify the drivers of biodiversity
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Expected Project National Biodivers
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Strategic Objectives and Indicative
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after 5 years. It is suggested that
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the lessons from the Project. All m
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119. The SPG commitment is demonstr
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130. In output 1, GEF financing of
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Tracking Tool for GEF Biodiversity
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the current tourism portfolio. This
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Please answer YES or NO to each sta
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Ecological Function Conservation Ar
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ADB TA 4271 Shaanxi Qinling Biodive
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3 ADB TA 4271 Shaanxi Qinling Biodi
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Final Report - Asian Development Bank

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