Characteristics and social representation of ecstasy in Europe - Irefrea

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Therefore, and taking into account certain differences, we understand that theapproach is still being maintained in the two ecstasy blocks; one linked to the effectsattributable to the substance and the second to its problematic.Perhaps a certain atypicality detected in the social representation in Coimbra incomparison with other cities is determined by the peculiarities of said consumerssample. We would remind you that they and the Dutch are the two samples where thereis a larger proportion of low frequency consumers. In addition, evaluations have beenmore positive in both cities, obviously because their rate of consumption has not led toproblems, either individually or as a social group. And they are the two samples thathave a less stereotyped social representation, so that, there are more connectionsbetween the two forms of approach to the representation of ecstasy.Graphic representation of non-consumers (NC) in CoimbraDon't know pillcomposition1318Keeps awakeNo alcohol combined31Shyness solutionSexualdisinibition17Feel OK271818Clarify1925Euphoric14132320Great forparties201323House musiccomprehension19Easy drugRelax1419Reasonable priceProblematic peopleRealityevasion272620Lose control25252613 48ProduceaddictionDeath1731Depressive18No withoutpreventionNON CONSUMERS (COIMBRA)116
Again, we find ourselves with two different groups, two chains with nointerconnecting associations even if the composition of the items in each group isslightly different from the usual distributions in the other cities. We see, for example,that “reasonable price”, “avoid reality” and “relaxes”, items which in Nice, Modena andPalma de Mallorca appeared located next to the items which expressed a view of theeffects of ecstasy, in the Portuguese NC diagrams they are situated in the group whichrefers to the problematic view. For the Portuguese NC group, the fact that the drug ischeap (accessible) and has the effects of relaxation and providing an escape from realityis not a simple matter of effects which can be sought. Rather, they are aspects whichmust be thought of from the problematic.“Not drink alcohol with ecstasy” and “you don’t know what you’re taking” are itemswhich become part of the effects group unlike the majority of cities, even if it has to besaid that the second, “you don’t know what you’re taking” has only one associationwhich, although significant, is not too strong (Kendall Tau-b=13). “don’t drink alcoholwith ecstasy” nevertheless has more relationships and closer ones with, for example,“understand House music” (Tau-b=31). A possible interpretation of these relationshipsmay be due to the fact that the Portuguese NC group has a frequent social representationin the communications media in respect of the ravers (they do not drink alcohol, veryinterested in music, concerned about the quality of the tablets they take).One final point to note is that the 20 variables appear in both the C and the NCdiagrams, in other words all have at least one significant relationship with another item.This fact also differentiates Coimbra from the other cities although it does notsubstantially vary the valid interpretation for the other countries in the diagram.8.3.4. Social representations in Modena (Italy)The analysis of the social representations in Modena was made on an incompletesample, as 44,06% of the questionnaires were rejected as not being valid for thisanalysis. We should bear in mind that the social representations scale occupied the finalplace on the questionnaire and that this was already enormously long in itself, whichincreased the likelihood that this part of the questionnaire would be badly answered. Inspite of this important limitation, we will see that analysis of the Italian sample providesus with the habitual interpretations of the other cities and the overall sample.The social representations of the Modena NC group is divided into three groups andnot into two as has occurred up to now. Nevertheless, it does not change the meaning ofthe interpretation. Two of the groups combine items which are ordered around the“effects” of ecstasy. One of them comprises two items only (“understand House music”and “keeps you awake”), but the sense of said relationship continues to be the samewhen we consider the “effects” group in a single block. In the third group, however, theitems appear that relate ecstasy to the problematic view of the drug. The items“sharpens ideas”, “solution for shy people” and “removes sexual inhibitions” do not117
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ORGANISATIONS AND NATIONAL RESEARCH
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This volume is dedicated very speci
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PRESENTATIONIt’s a great pleasure
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INDEXPág.1. INTRODUCTION . . . . .
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1. INTRODUCTION1.1. DESIGNER DRUGS,
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the most widely used because its ef
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All this led to the famous English
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had used it in the preceding month.
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had used ecstasy or a similar subst
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school population found a prevalenc
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isk factors among adolescents (Cala
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make quantitative what is qualitati
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concentrated in ecstasy use. A stud
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the others versions but with less i
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3. SAMPLE DESIGN AND FIELD WORK3.1.
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Two different methods were suggeste
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according to drug use level. Finall
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We came into contact with eight ind
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4. SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC BACKGROUNDINTRO
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We did not think it would be necess
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STUDY LEVEL (% on global sample; %
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In Utrecht, most of the young peopl
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SUMMARYWe remind again that, in spi
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This classification will be used fr
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Montagne, 1992) or Rimini, in Italy
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RELIGION PRACTITIONER (% on global
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It stands out the high percentage o
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Amphetamines are often used with fr
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In the Utrecht sample, however, alt
Page 64 and 65: GLOBAL SAMPLE ANSWERSThe most popul
Page 66 and 67: These data are interesting in order
Page 68 and 69: WITH WHOM TO CONSUME ECSTASY? (In %
Page 70 and 71: As we have already seen in other ta
Page 73 and 74: 6. SENSATION SEEKING SCALE (SSS)6.1
Page 75 and 76: correlation’s varies in function
Page 77 and 78: consumers sample comprises individu
Page 79 and 80: DISINHIBITION (DIS)Modena, Palma an
Page 81 and 82: y the non-consumer groups. In addit
Page 83 and 84: Once again, on the Boredom Suscepti
Page 85: this new scale. The individuals bel
Page 88 and 89: Still following psychoanalysis, Koh
Page 90 and 91: seeking scale, the hypotheses for t
Page 92 and 93: SDS results according to sexSexPunc
Page 94 and 95: understanding and explaining realit
Page 96 and 97: there would be two more or less dif
Page 98 and 99: RELATION BETWEEN ECSTASY AND SEXThe
Page 100 and 101: of medicaments. In fact, they are p
Page 102 and 103: In any case, it is true indeed that
Page 104 and 105: Well aware that these interpretatio
Page 106 and 107: with others, facilitates being able
Page 108 and 109: 8.3.2. Social Representation in the
Page 110 and 111: with problems”, “the problem wi
Page 112 and 113: feel good”, “it causes euphoria
Page 116 and 117: appear in the diagram, as they have
Page 118 and 119: as one of the reasons for taking ec
Page 120 and 121: In the C diagram we see distributio
Page 122 and 123: shy people” and “escape from re
Page 124 and 125: We believe the adequate way of inte
Page 126 and 127: In the C group there are five compo
Page 128 and 129: ecause ecstasy use is connected wit
Page 130 and 131: Nowadays, three studies are being c
Page 132 and 133: can become addictive conducts and h
Page 134 and 135: therapeutic virtues that have been
Page 136 and 137: CESDIP/CNRS, Centre d’Etudes et d
Page 138 and 139: The Interior Ministry considers tha
Page 140 and 141: In spite of the methodological limi
Page 142 and 143: directed at investigating the quali
Page 144 and 145: follows; 60 % hash/marihuana, 11% e
Page 146 and 147: The results highlighted that respon
Page 148 and 149: young people interviewed considered
Page 150 and 151: In the last few years, however, in
Page 152 and 153: 04) Ensuring that water is availabl
Page 154 and 155: ♦ Zini G., Indagine sul consumo d
Page 156 and 157: Ossebaard, H.C. (1996). Drugspreven
Page 158 and 159: From the secondary school populatio
Page 160 and 161: Huizer, H. (1996). Rapport over het
Page 162 and 163: A related theme is to describe toda
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Verhulst, J. (1996). XTC kan altijd
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Because this review is meant to giv
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170Mudde, L. (1997). ‘XTC is nog
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2) The second research was carried
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Even so it is possible to make a di
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At the round table of social Analys
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2. Press articles regarding ecstasy
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Comas Arnau D, Velázquez Andrés J
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182estimulantes. p. 111-29.Salazar
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to the middle and upper classes. Th
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The culturally sensitive poly-consu
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SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF CONSUMERS
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stereotype, there was also the mess
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their habitual environment, without
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experiment with drugs such as heroi
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This policy is being received very
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SPECIFIC EUROPEAN PREVENTIVE CAMPAI
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The material used was a triptych, c
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establishments. This first initiati
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The latest campaign which formed pa
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NETHERLANDSIn Holland, there have b
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Don’t force yourself to be always
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preventive strategies related to ec
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Within the harm minimisation strate
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11. PREVENTION PROPOSALSPREVENTION
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implied danger), but depending on w
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Despite the different policies on d
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12. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY001. Abric,
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031. Díaz, A., Barruti, M. and Don
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misuse. Addiction 89.068. Kandel, D
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102. O’Rourke, P.J. (1985) Tune i
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137. Ureña, M.M. and Serra, F. (19
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The interview will be semi-structur
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♦ which subjects are the most fre
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ANNEX 3QUESTIONNAIRE OF SOCIALREPRE
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06. Birthplace (city and country):-
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19. In the last three months, how m
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30. Have you taken any other substa
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Next sentences are about your prefe
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SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONSINSTRUCTIONSB
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ANNEX 4PROTOCOL TO RECRUIT THE DISC
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⇒ envelopes with stamp and addres
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I R E F R E AIREFREA is a european
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