Characteristics and social representation of ecstasy in Europe - Irefrea

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085. McDermott, P. and Matthews, A. (1997) Ecstasy in the UK: recreational drug useand cultural change. Internet 1-14.086. McKeganey, N., Heath, D.B., Ogborne, A., Stimson, G., Araya, R., Pearson, G.,Darke, S. and Hartnoll, R. (1995) Qualitative methods in drug abuse and HIVresearch. Addiction 90 749-766.087. Meisch, P. (1997) Les drogues synthetiques de type ‘ecstasy’ au Grand Duché deLuxemburg. (Unpublished).088. Melero, JC. and Flores, R. (1996) Extasis y otras drogas de síntesis. Bilbao: EdexKolectiboa.089. MILDT (1996) Ecstasy. Amphétamines-MDMA. Paris: MILDT.090. MILDT (1997) Information ecstasy. París: MILDT.091. Miller, P. and Plant, M. (1996) Drinking, smoking and illicit drug use among 15and 16 year-olds in the United Kingdom. British Medical Journal 313, 394-397.092. Ministerial Task Force to Reduce the Demands for Drugs. (1997) Second Report.Dublin: Government Publications.093. Ministerio del Interior. (1997) Au sujet de l’ecstasy. Paris: Prefectura de Policía.094. Moffitt, T.E., Silva, P.A., Lynam, D.R. and Henry, B.C. (1994) Self-reporteddelinquency at age 18: New Zealand’s Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health andDevelopment Study. In: Junger-Tas, J., Terlouw, G.J. and Klein, M.W., (Eds.)Delinquent Behavior among Young People in the Western World., pp. 354-369.Amsterdam: Kugler Publications.095. Morin, M., Souville, M. and Obadia, Y. (1996) Actitudes, representaciones yprácticas de los médicos generalistas ante pacientes infectados por el VIH. LesCahiers Internationaux de Psychologie Sociale Marzo, 9-28.096. Moscovici, S. (1969) Prefacio. In: Santé et Maladie. Analyse d’une représentationsociale. París: Mouton.097. Newcomb, M.D., Bentler, P.M. (1988): “The Impact of Family Context, DeviantAttitudes and Emotional Distress on Adolescent Drug Use: Longitudinal Latent-Variable Analyses of Mothers and Their Children”. J. Research in Personality, 22.pp. 154-176.098. Newcombe, R. (1992a) The use of ecstasy and dance drugs at rave parties andclubs: some problems and solutions, Manchester: University of Manchester.099. Newcombe, R., Pearson, G., Buning, E., Stimson, G., Wodak, A. et al. (1992b) TheReduction of Drug Related Harm, London: Routledge.100. O’Keefe, C. (1996) Ecstasy in Ireland. In: Harm minimisation and educationSeminar. Baden: (October 1997). (Unpublished).101. O’Reilly, K.R. (1995) The Role of Qualitative Research in the Global Programmeon AIDS at the World Health Organisation. Research Monograph Series 27-37.226
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ORGANISATIONS AND NATIONAL RESEARCH
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This volume is dedicated very speci
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PRESENTATIONIt’s a great pleasure
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INDEXPág.1. INTRODUCTION . . . . .
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1. INTRODUCTION1.1. DESIGNER DRUGS,
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the most widely used because its ef
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All this led to the famous English
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had used it in the preceding month.
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had used ecstasy or a similar subst
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school population found a prevalenc
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isk factors among adolescents (Cala
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make quantitative what is qualitati
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concentrated in ecstasy use. A stud
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the others versions but with less i
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3. SAMPLE DESIGN AND FIELD WORK3.1.
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Two different methods were suggeste
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according to drug use level. Finall
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We came into contact with eight ind
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4. SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC BACKGROUNDINTRO
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We did not think it would be necess
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STUDY LEVEL (% on global sample; %
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In Utrecht, most of the young peopl
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SUMMARYWe remind again that, in spi
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This classification will be used fr
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Montagne, 1992) or Rimini, in Italy
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RELIGION PRACTITIONER (% on global
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It stands out the high percentage o
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Amphetamines are often used with fr
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In the Utrecht sample, however, alt
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GLOBAL SAMPLE ANSWERSThe most popul
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These data are interesting in order
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WITH WHOM TO CONSUME ECSTASY? (In %
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As we have already seen in other ta
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6. SENSATION SEEKING SCALE (SSS)6.1
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correlation’s varies in function
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consumers sample comprises individu
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DISINHIBITION (DIS)Modena, Palma an
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y the non-consumer groups. In addit
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Once again, on the Boredom Suscepti
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this new scale. The individuals bel
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Still following psychoanalysis, Koh
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seeking scale, the hypotheses for t
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SDS results according to sexSexPunc
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understanding and explaining realit
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there would be two more or less dif
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RELATION BETWEEN ECSTASY AND SEXThe
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of medicaments. In fact, they are p
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In any case, it is true indeed that
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Well aware that these interpretatio
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with others, facilitates being able
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8.3.2. Social Representation in the
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with problems”, “the problem wi
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feel good”, “it causes euphoria
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Therefore, and taking into account
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appear in the diagram, as they have
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as one of the reasons for taking ec
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In the C diagram we see distributio
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shy people” and “escape from re
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We believe the adequate way of inte
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In the C group there are five compo
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ecause ecstasy use is connected wit
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Nowadays, three studies are being c
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can become addictive conducts and h
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therapeutic virtues that have been
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CESDIP/CNRS, Centre d’Etudes et d
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The Interior Ministry considers tha
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In spite of the methodological limi
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directed at investigating the quali
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follows; 60 % hash/marihuana, 11% e
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The results highlighted that respon
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young people interviewed considered
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In the last few years, however, in
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04) Ensuring that water is availabl
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♦ Zini G., Indagine sul consumo d
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Ossebaard, H.C. (1996). Drugspreven
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From the secondary school populatio
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Huizer, H. (1996). Rapport over het
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A related theme is to describe toda
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Verhulst, J. (1996). XTC kan altijd
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Because this review is meant to giv
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170Mudde, L. (1997). ‘XTC is nog
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2) The second research was carried
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Even so it is possible to make a di
Page 174 and 175: At the round table of social Analys
Page 176 and 177: 2. Press articles regarding ecstasy
Page 178 and 179: Comas Arnau D, Velázquez Andrés J
Page 180 and 181: 182estimulantes. p. 111-29.Salazar
Page 182 and 183: to the middle and upper classes. Th
Page 184 and 185: The culturally sensitive poly-consu
Page 186 and 187: SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF CONSUMERS
Page 188 and 189: stereotype, there was also the mess
Page 190 and 191: their habitual environment, without
Page 192 and 193: experiment with drugs such as heroi
Page 194 and 195: This policy is being received very
Page 196 and 197: SPECIFIC EUROPEAN PREVENTIVE CAMPAI
Page 198 and 199: The material used was a triptych, c
Page 200 and 201: establishments. This first initiati
Page 202 and 203: The latest campaign which formed pa
Page 204 and 205: NETHERLANDSIn Holland, there have b
Page 206 and 207: Don’t force yourself to be always
Page 208 and 209: preventive strategies related to ec
Page 210 and 211: Within the harm minimisation strate
Page 213 and 214: 11. PREVENTION PROPOSALSPREVENTION
Page 215 and 216: implied danger), but depending on w
Page 217 and 218: Despite the different policies on d
Page 219 and 220: 12. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY001. Abric,
Page 221 and 222: 031. Díaz, A., Barruti, M. and Don
Page 223: misuse. Addiction 89.068. Kandel, D
Page 227: 137. Ureña, M.M. and Serra, F. (19
Page 230 and 231: The interview will be semi-structur
Page 232 and 233: ♦ which subjects are the most fre
Page 235 and 236: ANNEX 3QUESTIONNAIRE OF SOCIALREPRE
Page 237 and 238: 06. Birthplace (city and country):-
Page 239 and 240: 19. In the last three months, how m
Page 241 and 242: 30. Have you taken any other substa
Page 243 and 244: Next sentences are about your prefe
Page 245 and 246: SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONSINSTRUCTIONSB
Page 247 and 248: ANNEX 4PROTOCOL TO RECRUIT THE DISC
Page 249 and 250: ⇒ envelopes with stamp and addres
Page 251: I R E F R E AIREFREA is a european
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