Characteristics and social representation of ecstasy in Europe - Irefrea

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The interview will be semi-structured in the sense that the interviewer will conductthe conversation, but in a quite imprecise way, letting the interviewed to expose hisinformation on the subject. It is important that the interviewer ‘will not suggest theanswer’.More or less the questions explored will be:• How they would describe this sort of drugs. What they associate with this drugs.• Why people consume this drugs.• Does he know people consuming ecstasy.• Which sort of people he knows or he thinks is using this type of drugs (age, gender,culture, status,..)?. Which culture he relates with their use.• Which are his/her reason for consuming/not consuming this drugs.• Which are the effects expected of this drugs.• In the case they have used it, which are the registered effects. Did fulfil hisexpectancies?.• He/she thinks is going to consume in the future or is going to stop consuming.• What they think about the dangerousness of this drugs. Which problems andadvantages they relate with their use.• What they think should be the social approach towards the use of ecstasy.• Which is the relation they see between this sort of drugs and the use of alcohol orother drugs.• Any other questions that the interviewer thinks should be exploredAt the end it will be explored the personal consume history (ecstasy and other drugs)and some information on deviance behaviour, personal and family problems, and socialeducationalstatus..All this interviews must be typed and send as soon as possible to Palma de Mallorca,to look for representations and to establish if they are a priori differences between thecountries participating in the research.232
ANNEX 2GUIDELINES FOR GATHERING THEMATERIAL ON MEDIA NEWS,UNDERGROUND LITERATURE,PAMPHLETS, ETC.Every country will engage in gathering as much material of this sort as they can. Itmust not be very old, but we do not give any precise indications how to gather thisinformation. Media articles, scientific papers, studies, prevention campaigns messages,etc. can be included. A selection of the material and/or the most frequent messages orideas used will be sent to Palma de Mallorca as soon as possible.This material and further information that will be gathered during the time thatresearch is on, will serve to complement the study.Some of you have already sent some of this material to me and some not. But evenin the cases that you have sent materials to me, this was some months ago.Anyway what is important is to have similar ways of working all this questions. Hereare some proposals to be discussed with you. So I wait for your quick answers andsuggestions.1. The goal of this review is to gather enough information about this sort of materialin your country, to got a relatively realistic idea of what is going on in this field.This means that the material analysed is going to be more or less a representativematerial.2. The scope of our analysis must be, as you know, social representations of ecstasyand other design drugs. This means that we must be able to get the implicit orexplicit image of ecstasy through the analysed material. We must be attentive tothe effect that the article can provoke to the potential readers.3. We propose to you to divide the analysed material in three categories :3.1. Scientific papers, such as articles in medical, sociological, etc. journals,monographs, etc. May be we can expect that we are not confronted to a bigquantity of literature. If this is the case then it could be possible that youattach a brief abstract or comment to the bibliographic reference.We propose to analyse the following questions :♦ your global opinion about the quality and quantity of this studies.233
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ORGANISATIONS AND NATIONAL RESEARCH
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This volume is dedicated very speci
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PRESENTATIONIt’s a great pleasure
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INDEXPág.1. INTRODUCTION . . . . .
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1. INTRODUCTION1.1. DESIGNER DRUGS,
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the most widely used because its ef
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All this led to the famous English
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had used it in the preceding month.
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had used ecstasy or a similar subst
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school population found a prevalenc
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isk factors among adolescents (Cala
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make quantitative what is qualitati
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concentrated in ecstasy use. A stud
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the others versions but with less i
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3. SAMPLE DESIGN AND FIELD WORK3.1.
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Two different methods were suggeste
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according to drug use level. Finall
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We came into contact with eight ind
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4. SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC BACKGROUNDINTRO
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We did not think it would be necess
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STUDY LEVEL (% on global sample; %
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In Utrecht, most of the young peopl
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SUMMARYWe remind again that, in spi
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This classification will be used fr
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Montagne, 1992) or Rimini, in Italy
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RELIGION PRACTITIONER (% on global
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It stands out the high percentage o
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Amphetamines are often used with fr
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In the Utrecht sample, however, alt
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GLOBAL SAMPLE ANSWERSThe most popul
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These data are interesting in order
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WITH WHOM TO CONSUME ECSTASY? (In %
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As we have already seen in other ta
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6. SENSATION SEEKING SCALE (SSS)6.1
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correlation’s varies in function
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consumers sample comprises individu
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DISINHIBITION (DIS)Modena, Palma an
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y the non-consumer groups. In addit
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Once again, on the Boredom Suscepti
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this new scale. The individuals bel
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Still following psychoanalysis, Koh
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seeking scale, the hypotheses for t
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SDS results according to sexSexPunc
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understanding and explaining realit
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there would be two more or less dif
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RELATION BETWEEN ECSTASY AND SEXThe
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of medicaments. In fact, they are p
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In any case, it is true indeed that
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Well aware that these interpretatio
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with others, facilitates being able
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8.3.2. Social Representation in the
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with problems”, “the problem wi
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feel good”, “it causes euphoria
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Therefore, and taking into account
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appear in the diagram, as they have
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as one of the reasons for taking ec
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In the C diagram we see distributio
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shy people” and “escape from re
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We believe the adequate way of inte
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In the C group there are five compo
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ecause ecstasy use is connected wit
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Nowadays, three studies are being c
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can become addictive conducts and h
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therapeutic virtues that have been
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CESDIP/CNRS, Centre d’Etudes et d
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The Interior Ministry considers tha
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In spite of the methodological limi
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directed at investigating the quali
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follows; 60 % hash/marihuana, 11% e
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The results highlighted that respon
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young people interviewed considered
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In the last few years, however, in
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04) Ensuring that water is availabl
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♦ Zini G., Indagine sul consumo d
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Ossebaard, H.C. (1996). Drugspreven
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From the secondary school populatio
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Huizer, H. (1996). Rapport over het
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A related theme is to describe toda
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Verhulst, J. (1996). XTC kan altijd
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Because this review is meant to giv
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170Mudde, L. (1997). ‘XTC is nog
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2) The second research was carried
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Even so it is possible to make a di
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At the round table of social Analys
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2. Press articles regarding ecstasy
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Comas Arnau D, Velázquez Andrés J
Page 180 and 181: 182estimulantes. p. 111-29.Salazar
Page 182 and 183: to the middle and upper classes. Th
Page 184 and 185: The culturally sensitive poly-consu
Page 186 and 187: SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF CONSUMERS
Page 188 and 189: stereotype, there was also the mess
Page 190 and 191: their habitual environment, without
Page 192 and 193: experiment with drugs such as heroi
Page 194 and 195: This policy is being received very
Page 196 and 197: SPECIFIC EUROPEAN PREVENTIVE CAMPAI
Page 198 and 199: The material used was a triptych, c
Page 200 and 201: establishments. This first initiati
Page 202 and 203: The latest campaign which formed pa
Page 204 and 205: NETHERLANDSIn Holland, there have b
Page 206 and 207: Don’t force yourself to be always
Page 208 and 209: preventive strategies related to ec
Page 210 and 211: Within the harm minimisation strate
Page 213 and 214: 11. PREVENTION PROPOSALSPREVENTION
Page 215 and 216: implied danger), but depending on w
Page 217 and 218: Despite the different policies on d
Page 219 and 220: 12. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY001. Abric,
Page 221 and 222: 031. Díaz, A., Barruti, M. and Don
Page 223 and 224: misuse. Addiction 89.068. Kandel, D
Page 225 and 226: 102. O’Rourke, P.J. (1985) Tune i
Page 227: 137. Ureña, M.M. and Serra, F. (19
Page 232 and 233: ♦ which subjects are the most fre
Page 235 and 236: ANNEX 3QUESTIONNAIRE OF SOCIALREPRE
Page 237 and 238: 06. Birthplace (city and country):-
Page 239 and 240: 19. In the last three months, how m
Page 241 and 242: 30. Have you taken any other substa
Page 243 and 244: Next sentences are about your prefe
Page 245 and 246: SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONSINSTRUCTIONSB
Page 247 and 248: ANNEX 4PROTOCOL TO RECRUIT THE DISC
Page 249 and 250: ⇒ envelopes with stamp and addres
Page 251: I R E F R E AIREFREA is a european
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