Characteristics and social representation of ecstasy in Europe - Irefrea

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In the C diagram we see distribution in two single blocks once again and where thesame views of ecstasy are defined, one from the perspective of the effects and the otherfrom that of the problematic. In the C diagram, the nucleus of two items appears, “theproblem with ecstasy is that you don’t know what you’re taking”, “it’s dangerouswithout preventive measures”, very closely connected (Tau-b=0,33) whereas they donot appear in the NC diagram.These variables do not appear in the Palma de Mallorca NC either as theirassociations do not have sufficient significance. The interpretation of this aspect, ofpossible preventive repercussions, is not easy. We believe that it should be interpreted,on the one hand, with the same orientation of the items with which it is associated. Inthis sense, we think that it indicates that the C group take into account this aspect, butthey do not endorse it. There are two types of data in support of this view. The NC groupwhich is showing a closer agreement with these aspects than the C group and, secondly,when asked in the questionnaire of the importance of knowing the contents of thetablets, more than 70% of users did not appear to give much importance to this aspect.We believe that the non-appearance of these items among the NC group may indicatethat it is not important to them, as knowing the composition of the tablets or takingpreventive measures never authorises taking these drugs or provides any security thatthey can be taken without any risk.As for the differences in respect of the block which refers to the effects, we see thatin the C diagram there are items which do not appear in the NC diagram such as “escapereality” and “understand House music”. It could be that evading reality andunderstanding House music are considered in the C group social representations asdesirable effects of ecstasy, whereas in the NC these items do not appear in anysignificance in any block.The item “removes sexual inhibitions” again attracts attention by its absence ineither of the two representations, a fact that also occurs in the samples of other cities,with the exception of Italian consumers.Comparing the C and NC diagrams, we see that in Nice there are also no interchangesor crossings of items from one block to another in the typical way in the comparisonestablished between cities. The differences are only in the presence or absence of certainitems, depending on whether we are speaking of the C or the NC diagram.8.3.6. Social representation in Palma de Mallorca (Spain)Analysis of the Palma de Mallorca diagrams for both consumers (C) and nonconsumers(NC) shows the usual picture of two variables with no interconnection. Oneof the blocks comprises those items which would be in the problematic of the drug,where its danger is expressed in respect of the effects on physical and mental health.The other block is formed by the variables which recognise the “effects” of ecstasy onthe how one feels, social relationships, parties and music, etc.122
These two groups of items are not exactly the same in both samples. In the Cdiagrams items appear in each block which do not appear in the NC and vice versa butthere is no “cross” of items between the two “effects” and “problematic” blocks. Inother words, the trend in the overall diagram of distinguishing between the effects andthe problematic is maintained and, in addition, no items goes from being considered“effect” to being “problematic” and vice versa.It is important to note that like the other cities, the C group positively evaluate the“effects”, in other words they consider them as being somewhat close to their way ofthinking and reject the problematic chain of representations for meaning the opposite ofwhat they think. For the NC group, the situation is exactly the opposite.Graphic representation of consumers (C) in Palma de MallorcaEasy drug25Reasonableprice19Keepsawake2418Relax15Clarify18FeelOK211722Shyness solutionHouse musiccomprhensionGreat forparties131415EuphoricReality evasionDeath19Nowithoutprevention201412Losecontrol29122115Don't know pillcomposition1312Produceaddiction20DepressiveCONSUMERS (PALMA)The items that appear in the C diagram in the effects block and which do not appearin any block in the NC diagram are “ecstasy relaxes”, “sharpens ideas” “solution for123
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ORGANISATIONS AND NATIONAL RESEARCH
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This volume is dedicated very speci
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PRESENTATIONIt’s a great pleasure
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INDEXPág.1. INTRODUCTION . . . . .
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1. INTRODUCTION1.1. DESIGNER DRUGS,
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the most widely used because its ef
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All this led to the famous English
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had used it in the preceding month.
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had used ecstasy or a similar subst
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school population found a prevalenc
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isk factors among adolescents (Cala
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make quantitative what is qualitati
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concentrated in ecstasy use. A stud
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the others versions but with less i
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3. SAMPLE DESIGN AND FIELD WORK3.1.
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Two different methods were suggeste
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according to drug use level. Finall
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We came into contact with eight ind
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4. SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC BACKGROUNDINTRO
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We did not think it would be necess
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STUDY LEVEL (% on global sample; %
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In Utrecht, most of the young peopl
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SUMMARYWe remind again that, in spi
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This classification will be used fr
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Montagne, 1992) or Rimini, in Italy
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RELIGION PRACTITIONER (% on global
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It stands out the high percentage o
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Amphetamines are often used with fr
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In the Utrecht sample, however, alt
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GLOBAL SAMPLE ANSWERSThe most popul
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These data are interesting in order
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WITH WHOM TO CONSUME ECSTASY? (In %
Page 70 and 71: As we have already seen in other ta
Page 73 and 74: 6. SENSATION SEEKING SCALE (SSS)6.1
Page 75 and 76: correlation’s varies in function
Page 77 and 78: consumers sample comprises individu
Page 79 and 80: DISINHIBITION (DIS)Modena, Palma an
Page 81 and 82: y the non-consumer groups. In addit
Page 83 and 84: Once again, on the Boredom Suscepti
Page 85: this new scale. The individuals bel
Page 88 and 89: Still following psychoanalysis, Koh
Page 90 and 91: seeking scale, the hypotheses for t
Page 92 and 93: SDS results according to sexSexPunc
Page 94 and 95: understanding and explaining realit
Page 96 and 97: there would be two more or less dif
Page 98 and 99: RELATION BETWEEN ECSTASY AND SEXThe
Page 100 and 101: of medicaments. In fact, they are p
Page 102 and 103: In any case, it is true indeed that
Page 104 and 105: Well aware that these interpretatio
Page 106 and 107: with others, facilitates being able
Page 108 and 109: 8.3.2. Social Representation in the
Page 110 and 111: with problems”, “the problem wi
Page 112 and 113: feel good”, “it causes euphoria
Page 114 and 115: Therefore, and taking into account
Page 116 and 117: appear in the diagram, as they have
Page 118 and 119: as one of the reasons for taking ec
Page 122 and 123: shy people” and “escape from re
Page 124 and 125: We believe the adequate way of inte
Page 126 and 127: In the C group there are five compo
Page 128 and 129: ecause ecstasy use is connected wit
Page 130 and 131: Nowadays, three studies are being c
Page 132 and 133: can become addictive conducts and h
Page 134 and 135: therapeutic virtues that have been
Page 136 and 137: CESDIP/CNRS, Centre d’Etudes et d
Page 138 and 139: The Interior Ministry considers tha
Page 140 and 141: In spite of the methodological limi
Page 142 and 143: directed at investigating the quali
Page 144 and 145: follows; 60 % hash/marihuana, 11% e
Page 146 and 147: The results highlighted that respon
Page 148 and 149: young people interviewed considered
Page 150 and 151: In the last few years, however, in
Page 152 and 153: 04) Ensuring that water is availabl
Page 154 and 155: ♦ Zini G., Indagine sul consumo d
Page 156 and 157: Ossebaard, H.C. (1996). Drugspreven
Page 158 and 159: From the secondary school populatio
Page 160 and 161: Huizer, H. (1996). Rapport over het
Page 162 and 163: A related theme is to describe toda
Page 164 and 165: Verhulst, J. (1996). XTC kan altijd
Page 166 and 167: Because this review is meant to giv
Page 168 and 169: 170Mudde, L. (1997). ‘XTC is nog
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2) The second research was carried
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Even so it is possible to make a di
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At the round table of social Analys
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2. Press articles regarding ecstasy
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Comas Arnau D, Velázquez Andrés J
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182estimulantes. p. 111-29.Salazar
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to the middle and upper classes. Th
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The culturally sensitive poly-consu
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SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF CONSUMERS
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stereotype, there was also the mess
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their habitual environment, without
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experiment with drugs such as heroi
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This policy is being received very
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SPECIFIC EUROPEAN PREVENTIVE CAMPAI
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The material used was a triptych, c
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establishments. This first initiati
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The latest campaign which formed pa
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NETHERLANDSIn Holland, there have b
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Don’t force yourself to be always
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preventive strategies related to ec
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Within the harm minimisation strate
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11. PREVENTION PROPOSALSPREVENTION
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implied danger), but depending on w
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Despite the different policies on d
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12. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY001. Abric,
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031. Díaz, A., Barruti, M. and Don
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misuse. Addiction 89.068. Kandel, D
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102. O’Rourke, P.J. (1985) Tune i
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137. Ureña, M.M. and Serra, F. (19
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The interview will be semi-structur
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♦ which subjects are the most fre
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ANNEX 3QUESTIONNAIRE OF SOCIALREPRE
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06. Birthplace (city and country):-
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19. In the last three months, how m
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30. Have you taken any other substa
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Next sentences are about your prefe
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SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONSINSTRUCTIONSB
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ANNEX 4PROTOCOL TO RECRUIT THE DISC
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⇒ envelopes with stamp and addres
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I R E F R E AIREFREA is a european
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