Characteristics and social representation of ecstasy in Europe - Irefrea

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* At the entrance of the disco, it doesn’t matter if they are going into the disco or ifthey are going out. It is convenient to explain to the person who is the responsible ofthe disco the objectives of the survey, that the information will never be used againstthe disco, and that the disco name will not appear in the final report.* Through key-informants: people we know, friends, disk jockeys, public relations ofthe discos, etc. These people will introduce us to ecstasy user or not ecstasy userpeople disposed to answer (snowball).* The same people that have consented to be polled can, at the same time, introduceus to their friends that would collaborate in the study (snowball).In any case the interviewer will have a presentation letter of IREFREA. In this letterthere will be written some explanations about the features of the European study,about IREFREA (definition), about the objectives of the study (prevention) and,finally it will be explained that anonymity is absolutely guaranteed.–Index card of the discos:A short index card of each disco will be accomplished with some features such as size,kind of music, kind of people that tends to attend, etc.–Methodology: how to fill the questionnaires:• If contacted people consent to answer at the same moment, the pollster will give thequestionnaire to the polled who will fill it himself/herself. This would be the idealmethodology because in this way the polled can outline doubts to the pollster andwrong interpretations of the questions can be corrected.• In case people consent to answer the questionnaire but not at the moment, there arealternative ways (the first of them is the most recommendable).⇒ make an appointment for another day, and fill the survey then, with the pollster.⇒ give them the questionnaire, ask them to fill it on their own and to return it bypost.⇒ give them the questionnaire, ask them to fill it on their own and to return itthrough the person that has introduce them to us.⇒ give them a visit card with the telephone of the pollster or of a co-ordinator centreso that they can contact us if they change their mind and decide they want tocollaborate.–Material that the pollsters will need:⇒ appointment book to register the future appointments.⇒ visit cards, or some other document with the phone number, address and name ofthe person to who the possible polled should contact to resolve doubts when fillingthe survey, or to make an appointment.250
⇒ envelopes with stamp and address to make easier the returning of the survey bypost.–Pollster training:It is convenient to select young people as pollsters, with an appearance that fits withthe disco atmosphere. We can establish two interviewer categories:⇒ pollsters that may have previous experience as pollster.⇒ pollsters who don’t have previous experience but who know the disco atmosphereand have lots of possible contacts.In both cases the responsible of the project in each country have to have somemeetings with them to talk about the questionnaire, how to approach to the polled,doubts that they could have and so on. The customary pollsters control systems haveto be used.It can be very useful that, at the beginning of the study, the responsible of the projectgo in some occasion with the pollster, to have a direct experience of the difficulties sothat he/she will be able to introduce variations in the way of obtaining the data.–Anonymity: the responsible of the project in each country has to guarantee theanonymity rights according to the laws of each country.–What a control group is:The control group serves to compare the social representations of the users and the notuser of Ecstasy. To be compared, these two groups (consumers and not consumers)have to be as similar as possible, except in the use of ecstasy.The characteristics that will be useful for us to determine who must be part of thegroup control are:⇒ the sociodemographic scale that it is included in the survey (sex, age, etc)⇒ the situation in which the polled is contacted (that is to say, situations of high,middle and low consumption).–Group control. There are two options to choose the group control• First option is to poll the ecstasy consumers as a first phase, make an analysis of theresults and, as a second phase, and according to the criteria indicated previously,contact with 80-100 individual that attend to the same discos and who do not takeecstasy.• Second option is to make the group control (poll the not ecstasy consumers) at thesame time as the experimental group, without having a first analysis of the ecstasyconsumers surveys. The second phase would consist in comparing non ecstasy251
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ORGANISATIONS AND NATIONAL RESEARCH
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This volume is dedicated very speci
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PRESENTATIONIt’s a great pleasure
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INDEXPág.1. INTRODUCTION . . . . .
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1. INTRODUCTION1.1. DESIGNER DRUGS,
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the most widely used because its ef
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All this led to the famous English
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had used it in the preceding month.
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had used ecstasy or a similar subst
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school population found a prevalenc
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isk factors among adolescents (Cala
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make quantitative what is qualitati
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concentrated in ecstasy use. A stud
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the others versions but with less i
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3. SAMPLE DESIGN AND FIELD WORK3.1.
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Two different methods were suggeste
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according to drug use level. Finall
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We came into contact with eight ind
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4. SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC BACKGROUNDINTRO
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We did not think it would be necess
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STUDY LEVEL (% on global sample; %
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In Utrecht, most of the young peopl
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SUMMARYWe remind again that, in spi
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This classification will be used fr
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Montagne, 1992) or Rimini, in Italy
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RELIGION PRACTITIONER (% on global
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It stands out the high percentage o
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Amphetamines are often used with fr
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In the Utrecht sample, however, alt
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GLOBAL SAMPLE ANSWERSThe most popul
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These data are interesting in order
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WITH WHOM TO CONSUME ECSTASY? (In %
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As we have already seen in other ta
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6. SENSATION SEEKING SCALE (SSS)6.1
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correlation’s varies in function
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consumers sample comprises individu
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DISINHIBITION (DIS)Modena, Palma an
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y the non-consumer groups. In addit
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Once again, on the Boredom Suscepti
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this new scale. The individuals bel
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Still following psychoanalysis, Koh
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seeking scale, the hypotheses for t
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SDS results according to sexSexPunc
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understanding and explaining realit
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there would be two more or less dif
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RELATION BETWEEN ECSTASY AND SEXThe
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of medicaments. In fact, they are p
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In any case, it is true indeed that
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Well aware that these interpretatio
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with others, facilitates being able
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8.3.2. Social Representation in the
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with problems”, “the problem wi
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feel good”, “it causes euphoria
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Therefore, and taking into account
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appear in the diagram, as they have
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as one of the reasons for taking ec
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In the C diagram we see distributio
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shy people” and “escape from re
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We believe the adequate way of inte
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In the C group there are five compo
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ecause ecstasy use is connected wit
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Nowadays, three studies are being c
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can become addictive conducts and h
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therapeutic virtues that have been
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CESDIP/CNRS, Centre d’Etudes et d
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The Interior Ministry considers tha
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In spite of the methodological limi
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directed at investigating the quali
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follows; 60 % hash/marihuana, 11% e
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The results highlighted that respon
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young people interviewed considered
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In the last few years, however, in
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04) Ensuring that water is availabl
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♦ Zini G., Indagine sul consumo d
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Ossebaard, H.C. (1996). Drugspreven
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From the secondary school populatio
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Huizer, H. (1996). Rapport over het
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A related theme is to describe toda
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Verhulst, J. (1996). XTC kan altijd
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Because this review is meant to giv
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170Mudde, L. (1997). ‘XTC is nog
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2) The second research was carried
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Even so it is possible to make a di
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At the round table of social Analys
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2. Press articles regarding ecstasy
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Comas Arnau D, Velázquez Andrés J
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182estimulantes. p. 111-29.Salazar
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to the middle and upper classes. Th
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The culturally sensitive poly-consu
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SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF CONSUMERS
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stereotype, there was also the mess
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their habitual environment, without
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experiment with drugs such as heroi
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This policy is being received very
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SPECIFIC EUROPEAN PREVENTIVE CAMPAI
Page 198 and 199: The material used was a triptych, c
Page 200 and 201: establishments. This first initiati
Page 202 and 203: The latest campaign which formed pa
Page 204 and 205: NETHERLANDSIn Holland, there have b
Page 206 and 207: Don’t force yourself to be always
Page 208 and 209: preventive strategies related to ec
Page 210 and 211: Within the harm minimisation strate
Page 213 and 214: 11. PREVENTION PROPOSALSPREVENTION
Page 215 and 216: implied danger), but depending on w
Page 217 and 218: Despite the different policies on d
Page 219 and 220: 12. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY001. Abric,
Page 221 and 222: 031. Díaz, A., Barruti, M. and Don
Page 223 and 224: misuse. Addiction 89.068. Kandel, D
Page 225 and 226: 102. O’Rourke, P.J. (1985) Tune i
Page 227: 137. Ureña, M.M. and Serra, F. (19
Page 230 and 231: The interview will be semi-structur
Page 232 and 233: ♦ which subjects are the most fre
Page 235 and 236: ANNEX 3QUESTIONNAIRE OF SOCIALREPRE
Page 237 and 238: 06. Birthplace (city and country):-
Page 239 and 240: 19. In the last three months, how m
Page 241 and 242: 30. Have you taken any other substa
Page 243 and 244: Next sentences are about your prefe
Page 245 and 246: SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONSINSTRUCTIONSB
Page 247: ANNEX 4PROTOCOL TO RECRUIT THE DISC
Page 251: I R E F R E AIREFREA is a european
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