Characteristics and social representation of ecstasy in Europe - Irefrea

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as one of the reasons for taking ecstasy. Only 4,3% of the responses to the Modenaconsumer samples considered this important.The items maintained their “typical behaviour” among both the C and the NCgroups, so that there was no crossing of components from one block to another. Theitems which are in each block are those which we usually find there. Therefore, havingmade the reservations about the number missing in the Italian sample, the Modenadiagram permits the maintenance of the usual interpretation of the meaning of the socialrepresentation of ecstasy.8.3.5. Social representation in Nice (France)For the analysis of the Nice (France) social representations, 42,94 % of the samplehad to be rejected because of problems in filling up the social representation scale,leaving the samples as follows: 85 Consumers and 107 Non-consumers.Graphic representation of non-consumers (NC) in NiceRelax 1723Feel OKKeeps awake212213Euphoric20Great forpartiesReasonableprice17Easy drug17No alcoholcombined1623Clarify14Shyness solution23Produce addiction16Losecontrol20Depressive3218DeathProblematicpeopleNON CONSUMERS (NICE)120
As we can see in the diagrams, the NC chain of associations is divided into threeblocks but, as occurred in Italy, (also with a sample reduced by the missing), the itemswhich define the effects of ecstasy are united in two of these blocks, and a third containsthe items which give a problematic view of ecstasy and, therefore, it does not break thetrend in the distribution which we have followed up to now.The nucleus appears in the “problematic” block formed by the usual items “leads todeath”, “causes addiction” “loss of control”... We have already said that the effectsblock is divided into two. One of them is the classic comprising the most usualcomponents “makes you feel good”, “great for parties and keeps you going all night”,“ keeps you awake”...) and which are, in addition, rather interconnected. In the othersub-block are the typical items but which are generally associated with the “effects”,“sharpens ideas”, “solution for shy people”...) together with some other less typicalitems such as “reasonable price” and “people who take ecstasy don’t drink alcohol atthe same time”. The correct interpretation of these items in their association with theprevious ones is that the NC group do not agree that ecstasy is reasonably priced andthey do not believe that ecstasy users do not take alcohol.Graphic representation of consumers (C) in Nice1516Keeps awakeRelax1535 18FeelOK 16Clarify27Euphoric15Easydrug17172116House musiccomprhensionGreat forparties1516Reality evasionShyness solution24Death323215 30Lose control32 15Produce addiction17Problematic peopleNowithoutprevention162117Depressive33Don't know pillcompositionCONSUMERS (NICE)121
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ORGANISATIONS AND NATIONAL RESEARCH
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This volume is dedicated very speci
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PRESENTATIONIt’s a great pleasure
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INDEXPág.1. INTRODUCTION . . . . .
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1. INTRODUCTION1.1. DESIGNER DRUGS,
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the most widely used because its ef
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All this led to the famous English
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had used it in the preceding month.
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had used ecstasy or a similar subst
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school population found a prevalenc
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isk factors among adolescents (Cala
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make quantitative what is qualitati
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concentrated in ecstasy use. A stud
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the others versions but with less i
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3. SAMPLE DESIGN AND FIELD WORK3.1.
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Two different methods were suggeste
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according to drug use level. Finall
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We came into contact with eight ind
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4. SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC BACKGROUNDINTRO
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We did not think it would be necess
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STUDY LEVEL (% on global sample; %
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In Utrecht, most of the young peopl
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SUMMARYWe remind again that, in spi
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This classification will be used fr
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Montagne, 1992) or Rimini, in Italy
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RELIGION PRACTITIONER (% on global
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It stands out the high percentage o
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Amphetamines are often used with fr
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In the Utrecht sample, however, alt
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GLOBAL SAMPLE ANSWERSThe most popul
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These data are interesting in order
Page 68 and 69: WITH WHOM TO CONSUME ECSTASY? (In %
Page 70 and 71: As we have already seen in other ta
Page 73 and 74: 6. SENSATION SEEKING SCALE (SSS)6.1
Page 75 and 76: correlation’s varies in function
Page 77 and 78: consumers sample comprises individu
Page 79 and 80: DISINHIBITION (DIS)Modena, Palma an
Page 81 and 82: y the non-consumer groups. In addit
Page 83 and 84: Once again, on the Boredom Suscepti
Page 85: this new scale. The individuals bel
Page 88 and 89: Still following psychoanalysis, Koh
Page 90 and 91: seeking scale, the hypotheses for t
Page 92 and 93: SDS results according to sexSexPunc
Page 94 and 95: understanding and explaining realit
Page 96 and 97: there would be two more or less dif
Page 98 and 99: RELATION BETWEEN ECSTASY AND SEXThe
Page 100 and 101: of medicaments. In fact, they are p
Page 102 and 103: In any case, it is true indeed that
Page 104 and 105: Well aware that these interpretatio
Page 106 and 107: with others, facilitates being able
Page 108 and 109: 8.3.2. Social Representation in the
Page 110 and 111: with problems”, “the problem wi
Page 112 and 113: feel good”, “it causes euphoria
Page 114 and 115: Therefore, and taking into account
Page 116 and 117: appear in the diagram, as they have
Page 120 and 121: In the C diagram we see distributio
Page 122 and 123: shy people” and “escape from re
Page 124 and 125: We believe the adequate way of inte
Page 126 and 127: In the C group there are five compo
Page 128 and 129: ecause ecstasy use is connected wit
Page 130 and 131: Nowadays, three studies are being c
Page 132 and 133: can become addictive conducts and h
Page 134 and 135: therapeutic virtues that have been
Page 136 and 137: CESDIP/CNRS, Centre d’Etudes et d
Page 138 and 139: The Interior Ministry considers tha
Page 140 and 141: In spite of the methodological limi
Page 142 and 143: directed at investigating the quali
Page 144 and 145: follows; 60 % hash/marihuana, 11% e
Page 146 and 147: The results highlighted that respon
Page 148 and 149: young people interviewed considered
Page 150 and 151: In the last few years, however, in
Page 152 and 153: 04) Ensuring that water is availabl
Page 154 and 155: ♦ Zini G., Indagine sul consumo d
Page 156 and 157: Ossebaard, H.C. (1996). Drugspreven
Page 158 and 159: From the secondary school populatio
Page 160 and 161: Huizer, H. (1996). Rapport over het
Page 162 and 163: A related theme is to describe toda
Page 164 and 165: Verhulst, J. (1996). XTC kan altijd
Page 166 and 167: Because this review is meant to giv
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170Mudde, L. (1997). ‘XTC is nog
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2) The second research was carried
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Even so it is possible to make a di
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At the round table of social Analys
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2. Press articles regarding ecstasy
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Comas Arnau D, Velázquez Andrés J
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182estimulantes. p. 111-29.Salazar
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to the middle and upper classes. Th
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The culturally sensitive poly-consu
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SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF CONSUMERS
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stereotype, there was also the mess
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their habitual environment, without
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experiment with drugs such as heroi
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This policy is being received very
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SPECIFIC EUROPEAN PREVENTIVE CAMPAI
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The material used was a triptych, c
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establishments. This first initiati
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The latest campaign which formed pa
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NETHERLANDSIn Holland, there have b
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Don’t force yourself to be always
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preventive strategies related to ec
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Within the harm minimisation strate
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11. PREVENTION PROPOSALSPREVENTION
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implied danger), but depending on w
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Despite the different policies on d
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12. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY001. Abric,
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031. Díaz, A., Barruti, M. and Don
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misuse. Addiction 89.068. Kandel, D
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102. O’Rourke, P.J. (1985) Tune i
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137. Ureña, M.M. and Serra, F. (19
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The interview will be semi-structur
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♦ which subjects are the most fre
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ANNEX 3QUESTIONNAIRE OF SOCIALREPRE
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06. Birthplace (city and country):-
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19. In the last three months, how m
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30. Have you taken any other substa
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Next sentences are about your prefe
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SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONSINSTRUCTIONSB
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ANNEX 4PROTOCOL TO RECRUIT THE DISC
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⇒ envelopes with stamp and addres
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I R E F R E AIREFREA is a european
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