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households can afford the cost of a title. 99 Aswill be discussed, adapting laws and proceduresto the social context can considerablyreduce the costs of titling and registrationby reducing administrative inefficiencies andby the use of modern technology. Legally enforcedproperty rights systems are not necessarilycost ineffective and expensive. 1007) Fees and Taxes. The integration of irregularsettlements into legal property rights systemsincreases tax revenues to governments. 101 Onthe other hand it is obvious that inappropriatefees and taxes can push people back into extralegality.102 As far as the poor are concerned,registration fees and taxes have to be set atminimal levels. The key elements that have tobe in place for property tax reform: existence ofadequate technical expertise; appropriate landrecords and administration are required as thebasis for the property lists; sufficient flexibilityto allow the phasing in of major changes is essentialto forestall challenges and resistance tochanges; political understanding and will areperhaps the most critical preconditions if thesubstantial challenges of implementing a highlyvisible, difficult to evade, tax, are to be overcome.1035. Recommendations forReform and ImprovedActionThe diversity of contexts and stakeholders affectedby problems of faltering property rights,as well as the high complexity of the issue, doesnot indicate that there will be a one time, onesize-fits-allsolution. What is needed is a seriousand continuously monitored reform process andparallel interventions inducing far-reaching andsustainable reforms of the four building blocks ofthe property rights system; that is: (1) reformingthe property system as one of rules defining orenabling bundles and bearers of property rightsallowing the poor to access and secure propertyalone, as members of communities, or as communities;(2) reforming it as a system of governanceso that targeted actions securing the propertyrights of the poor can be taken effectively and legitimately;(3) reforming it as a functioning marketof assets to include the poor in the chains ofvalue addition enabling them to become capablemarket participants, and (4) reforming the propertysystem as one of social policy with targetedmeasures of capacity building, information, andaccess to property and housing. Parallel reformwork sustained by constant monitoring in all fourdimensions is advocated to achieve real progress.Common features of policy design and prioritisingare also dealt with in this section, and outlinesare presented of important subsidiary and stabilisingactions that either have or can be taken bydonor countries and multilateral organisations.86Reforming Rules Regarding Bearersand Bundles of Property RightsProperty rights stand for the bundle of libertiesand claim rights tied to the allocation of a resourceto a natural or legal person. The property