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WIEGO, ‘Accra Hawkers Association,’ News from Ghana Daily Graphic,May 2006,WIEGO Women in Informal Economy: Globalising and Organising, www.wiego.orgWomen’s World Banking, ‘Banking for the Majority: Profi table andResponsible Micro Finance,’ Federation of Latin AmericanBanks and Women’s World Banking. 1994.Women’s World Banking, Client Case Studies from the DominicanRepublic, Bank ADOPEM, Women’s World Banking, NewYork, USA, www.swwb.orgWoolcock M., ‘Some Initial Thoughts on Empowering InformalBusinesses,’ World Bank notes to CLEP, June 2007.World Bank ‘Doing Business 2007 — How to Reform’, September 2006.______. ‘Rural Investment Climate Survey: Indonesia,’ September2006.______., Doing Business Report 2003-2006Xaba, Jantjie, Horn, Pat, and Motala, Shirin. ‘The Informal Sectorin Sub-Saharan Africa.’ Working paper on the informaleconomy, Employment Sector, International Labour Offi ce,Geneva. 2002.273
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Makingthe LawWork forEveryoneCopyri
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In reply to its expression of sorro
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group chaired by Commission members
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so that their informal contracts ha
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Table of contentsChapter 1 Access t
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Reforming Rules Regarding Bearers a
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The Economics of Informality and th
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Taking Microcredit Out of the Ghett
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5.6 Empowerment Domain 1: Access to
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1. IntroductionThe Commission on Le
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Theoretical perspectives that infor
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long-term migrant or refugee popula
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digital camera that could be used t
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or social services fraud. Thus, alt
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3. Strategies to CreateAffordable,
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is secured through social pressure
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sufficient guidance as to the best
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even better, by showing the ones wi
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A related option is teaching the po
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some other trusted service provider
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From an economic perspective this s
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2007). Such mechanisms prove prefer
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can play an important role in mobil
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motives — such as the desire to m
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of some legal action brought by the
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ernments may consider to remove art
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sations may make better decisions a
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ence others in the supply chain to
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ing access to justice for disadvant
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ardisation and simplification) and
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ary or informal systems, may improv
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Box 2 Coping with Legal Pluralism i
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cies (including local authorities)
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(ADB 2001b). These and other exampl
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e restructured in a way that reduce
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impact of a proposed action on some
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5. Conclusions andRecommendationsIn
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Chapter 1 Endnotes1 Excellent recen
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Lopez-de-Silanes, F. 2002. The Poli
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ChapterTWOEmpowering thePoor Throug
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the West, but that has made entire
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and insurance — to facilitate tra
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Table 1 Mapping the dynamics of leg
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creasing finance for land reform an
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I. IntroductionAs these lines are b
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contributed to its substance. But a
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sis to protect transactions or to p
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in their countries is added reason
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is concentrated in the hands of the
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property, contribute to the exclusi
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There may be sound policy reasons f
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system as a system of rules regardi
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Box 3 Namibian land reformIn Namibi
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Box 4 Focus AfricaCustomary rights
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property, some indigenous peoples a
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• Where consensus is hard to obta
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and the establishment of transparen
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which develop into a fully serviced
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Box 5 Sale of land: examples oflega
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as collateral more of the poor woul
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Enhancing Access to Land and Real P
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Box 8 Example of Singapore:public h
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Box 10 Slum upgradinginitiative in
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2. Pay Attention to Sequencing. The
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Foster Coalitions of Change in Favo
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Chapter 2 EndnotesUniversal Declara
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ers, refl ecting the allocation of
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ing industry through the scheme. (S
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193 See Tomlinson 2007.194 UN-ESCAP
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presented at the National Workshop
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Property Rights.’ At: http://www.
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Empowerment, issue 2, Oslo: 65-90.R
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ChapterTHREETowards a GlobalSocial
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and grounded in conditions of freed
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voluntary code-of-conduct initiativ
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outside their protective reach. The
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and sustainable solutions and peopl
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Segmentation in the Informal Labour
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Informalisation of Labour MarketsTh
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pation worldwide has given rise to
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through a variety of legal instrume
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Box 4 Social case for labourregulat
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Box 5 ILO Conventions and Recommend
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provision of full, productive, free
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Labour Conference in 1996, in recog
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different paths to enforcement, wit
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Table 1 Mean Measures of Regulation
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However, a more detailed examinatio
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countries this translates into unem
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legislative changes, it will critic
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6. Principles and practicesof Labou
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The Homeless People’s Federation
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Conclusions for national strategies
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tions and responsive mechanisms tha
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ticularly the prohibition of forced
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Annex 1:Recent and current initiati
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the following four-fold test: ‘(1
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Nations, the ILO and the World Bank
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able to go beyond general statement
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Case 8:Minimum Living Standard Secu
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Case 11:China’s positive response
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er, perhaps even prepaid, to ease t
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48 Including the UN funds, programm
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the Formal Economy and Informal Reg
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131—182.Sabel, C., D. O’Rourke,
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY‘The opposite of
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vast majority earn their living in
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and economic activity. First, in or
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ment procurement, tax rebates, and
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developing countries, however, info
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of the provision of adequate infras
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preneurs and small sector enterpris
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negative manifestations of informal
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million persons and their dependent
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within which business operates offe
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developed countries. In 1998, women
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four percent employed in the public
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3.Business Rights:Unlocking Barrier
Page 243 and 244: Street VendorsCommon issues and cha
Page 245 and 246: Box 3 Most Difficult Places toDo Bu
Page 247 and 248: Case Study:Ukraine and Private Busi
Page 249 and 250: The Chart below captures broadly th
Page 251 and 252: in helping the poor create wealth.
Page 253 and 254: tively unknown markets that require
Page 255 and 256: Case Study:Linking Markets: Promoti
Page 257 and 258: micro-finance activities. Micro-fin
Page 259 and 260: Remittances — the transfer of fun
Page 261 and 262: Case Study:Durban: A Heterogeneous
Page 263 and 264: 5. Institutional changesand legal t
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Page 267 and 268: key topics in simple and clear lang
Page 269 and 270: oped as part of a long-term regulat
Page 271 and 272: cured creditors have priority to th
Page 273 and 274: • Access to improved skills and t
Page 275 and 276: Case Study:Identity, Voice, and Ass
Page 277 and 278: 6. Pursuing the agenda forchangeOve
Page 279 and 280: Case Study:Technology and the Infor
Page 281 and 282: is not the aim to diminish the enor
Page 283 and 284: in risky environments — in urban
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Page 287 and 288: Recommendations and Key MessagesObj
Page 289 and 290: Chapter 4 Endnotes1 A business has
Page 291 and 292: than the rich. It further demonstra
Page 293: ______., ‘Ghana Decent Work Pilot
Page 297 and 298: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYExisting power str
Page 299 and 300: take effect quickly. Individual unc
Page 301 and 302: ping; competencies assessment; conf
Page 303 and 304: sort out the conflicting elements a
Page 305 and 306: so the Commission is advocating rad
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Page 315 and 316: At the national level, a society’
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Page 319 and 320: Dharavi’s residents lack ownershi
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Page 327 and 328: Box 5.4 Organising out ofPoverty: T
Page 329 and 330: should be designed, what tradeoffs
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Page 333 and 334: Lessons may be drawn from knowledge
Page 335 and 336: Table 5.4 Skeleton Diagnostic Tool:
Page 337 and 338: of interests). Without the commitme
Page 339 and 340: Table 5.6 Empowerment Domain 1: Acc
Page 341 and 342: Box 5.6 Gold Rush in Mongolia: from
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Table 5.10 LEP Implementation Strat
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need and the potential for success.
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• Action planning: Development of
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Table 5.11 Pro-poor policy implemen
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4. Customize the choice of monitori
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of touch with the desires of the po
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munity empowerment, especially if t
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elevance to a particular area of in
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ing human rights issues and country
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most appropriate.• Although not q
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categories don’t interest us. But
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• Since 1996, Institute for Manag
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Chapter 5 Endnotes1 These internati
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Chapter 5 BibliographyAbdul-Jalil,
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The Commission on Legal Empowerment
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