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Box 10 Slum upgradinginitiative in Dalifort,SenegalUpgrading of slums in Dalifort has provided dwellersthere with new opportunities and better livingenvironment. A formal land title has been granted tomore than 500 head of households including womenand their houses have been connected to the basicservices. Because of its proximity to the city centre,rent and land price have steadily risen, and thesettlement has seen rapid development of high-risehousing of good quality. Noticeable growth of neweconomic activities favoured by land security andmicrocredit facilities that have helped slum dwellersaccess start-up funding to initiate income generatingactivities that contributed to their economicempowerment. Source: Diop 2007.periphery of cities like Seoul, Jakarta, Chennai,and Delhi, under conditions obliging private landownersto provide a certain percentage of smallplots which poor families can afford. 194Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) is an effectiveinstrument applied in such projects to generatelow income housing on high value city landthrough the participation of private landownersand developers. Private landowners, or developerswilling to build houses for existing informaldwellers, are given the right to build more thanthe permissible floor space index or floor arearatio specified in zoning regulations for the plot.If possible, they can build additional space onthe same plot or be allowed to transfer the developmentright to other plots in specified zones. 195TDR works where there is a high premium onland and where the permissible density is highenough to leave surplus land after building lowincomehousing.Government as intermediary and facilitator betweenowners and low-income occupiers. In thecase of Land Sharing as used extensively in theIndian city of Hyderabad and to some extent inBangkok, Thailand, the Municipal Corporation ofHyderabad and the national Housing Authorityof Thailand largely play the role of intermediaries.Government authorities in those places helpto negotiate deals between owners of the landand its low-income occupiers. Once agreement isreached to share the land, the governments thenhelp the occupants to gain access to finance forrebuilding housing in the portion of land they areto occupy under the shared arrangement. The feefor registering the new ownership and transfer ofproperty is exempted by the government. 196 Thearrangement works in situations where the originallandowners have little hope of recovering theiroccupied property without prolonged litigation,and where getting even a part of the land backhas major advantages.Fostering Citizenship and Legal Empowermentthrough Consultation, Information andParticipatory Property ReformOffering public education and legal aid regardingmarket structures to the poor is of critical importance,otherwise the effectiveness for the poor ofthe above mentioned measures of legal reform,governance reform and market development canbe nullified. Multiple consultations, involvement ofsocial organisations in the contacting of propertyholders, well-publicised displays and provision ofmaterials to communities all contribute to satisfactionand improved efficiency of property reform.In particular, active communication toward andparticipation by civil society are important to ensurethe quality of systemic change in the propertyrights regime.These mechanisms allow beneficiaries to haveinformation about the reform’s framework, strategies,implementation and targets as well as to109