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categories don’t interest us. But within the politicalrisk category (140 developing and developedcountries), there is a law and order question,divided into two-subcomponents of law andorder. 51• The US State Department has a Trafficking inPeople Report, started in 2001 and covering 149developed and developing countries. 52• The Cingranelli-Richards Human Rights Datasetcovers 192 developed and developing countries.It has a question on independence of the judiciaryand another one on imprisonments becauseof ethnicity, race, and political or religious beliefs.53• The World Bank’s World Business EnvironmentSurvey has existed since 1998 and covers 80developed and developing countries. This hasseveral questions on access to justice and ruleof law — predictability of changes in rules andlaws, quality of the police, organised crime, streetcrime, fair and impartial courts, affordable courts,consistent/predictability of courts, enforcementof court decisions, dishonesty in courts and functioningof the judiciary. 54• Since 1996, the World Economic Forum hasbrought out the Global Competitiveness Reportand this covers 104 developed and developingcountries. This has questions on common crime,organised crime, money laundering (through banksand non-banks), quality of police, independenceof the judiciary, legal framework to challenge thelegality of government action, settlements outsidethe court system, compliance with court rulingsand/or arbitration awards, enforcement of commercialcontracts and use of illegal means to adjudicatedisputes. 55• The World Bank’s World Development Indicatorsdatabase can be used for female work participationrates, unemployment among women and femalerepresentation in national parliament. Thisgives data on 184 countries. 56• Although developed for the environment area, TheAccess Initiative’s (TAI) 148 indicators for 40countries can also be selectively used. 57 Theseindicators are divided under law, effort and effectiveness.One should probably concentrate onlaw indicators, rather than effort and effectiveness.The last two essentially belong to a tool-kitcategory. The law indicators are again divided intoaccess to information, public participation andaccess to justice. We would propose applying thelast heading, on access to justice, in which case,there are 23 questions to consider. Questionslinked to free legal aid, government immunity,confidentiality of information on government actionand independence of appellate bodies shouldcertainly be picked up.Property rights• Bertelsmann Transformation Index (BTI) has datasince 2004 for 119 developing countries. Thestatus index (SI) of BTI has a question on privateproperty. 58• The World Bank’s Country Policy and InstitutionalAssessment (CPIA) database has data on 136 developingcountries. The creation of the databasegoes back to the late 1970s. There is a questionon property rights. 59• Since 1997, Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)has a database on the economic and businessenvironment in 120 developed and developingcountries. There are two separate questions onintellectual property rights protection and privateproperty protection. 60• Since 1996, Institute for Management Developmentbrings out a World CompetitivenessYearbook that has data on 49 developed anddeveloping countries. This has a question onwhether personal security and private propertyare adequately protected and a separate question346