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ployment in developing countries: specifically, 47percent in the Middle East and North Africa; 51percent in Latin America; 71 percent in Asia, and72 percent in sub-Saharan Africa. If South Africais excluded, the share of informal employment innon-agricultural employment rises to 78 percentin sub-Saharan Africa; and if comparable datawere available for countries (other than India), inSouth Asia, the regional average for Asia wouldlikely be much higher.Some countries include informal employmentin agriculture in their estimates. Thissignificantly increases the proportion of informalemployment: from 83 percent of non-agriculturalemployment to 93 percent of total employment inIndia; from 55 to 62 percent in Mexico, and from28 to 34 percent in South Africa. 16The two main segments of informal employment,classified by employment status, are the self-employedand the wageworkers. The self-employedinclude employers, or owner-operators of informalenterprises who hire others; own-account workers,or owner-operators in single-person units orfamily businesses/farms who do not hire others,and unpaid contributing family workers, whoare family workers in family businesses or farmswithout pay.The wageworker segment consists largely ofinformal employees — those who are unprotectedin their work with a known employer that couldbe an informal or formal enterprise, a contractingagency, or a household; casual wage worker, orthose wage workers with no fixed employer whosell their labour on a daily or seasonal basis, andindustrial outworkers, who are sub-contractedto produce for a piece-rate from their homes orsmall workshops.Composition of the Informal EconomyIn all developing regions, self-employment comprisesa greater share of informal employment(outside of agriculture) than wage employment:specifically, self-employment represents 70percent of informal employment in sub-SaharanAfrica, 62 percent in North Africa, 60 percent inLatin America, and 59 percent in Asia. In China,it is estimated that between 1990 and 2004,urban informal employment increased by 125.55million people, which was 133 percent of allincreased employment. 17 Excluding South Africa,where black-owned businesses were prohibitedduring the apartheid era and have only recentlybegun to be recognised and reported, the share ofself-employment in informal employment increasedto 81 percent in sub-Saharan Africa.Self-employment represents nearly one-third oftotal non-agricultural employment worldwide. It isless important in developed countries (12 percentof total non-agricultural employment) than indeveloping countries where it comprises as muchas 53 percent of non-agricultural employment insub-Saharan Africa, 44 percent in Latin America,32 percent in Asia, and 31 percent in NorthAfrica.Informal wage employment, including disguisedwage employment, is also significant in thedeveloping world: comprising 30 to 40 percent ofinformal employment (outside of agriculture). 18Home-based workers and street vendors are twoof the largest sub-groups of the informal workforce:with home-based workers being the morenumerous but street vendors the more visible ofthe two. Together they represent 10-25 percentof the non-agricultural workforce in developingcountries and over five percent of the total workforcein developed countries.139