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Buscaglia, E. and T. Ulen. 1997. ‘A Quantitative Assessment of theEffi ciency of the Judicial Sector in Latin America.’ InternationalReview of Law and Economics. 17:275.Cantrell, D. 2004. ‘Deborah L. Rhode’s Access to Justice: The Obligationof Legal Aid Lawyers To Champion Practice by Nonlawyers.’Fordham Law Review. 73:883.Capper, D. 2003. ‘The Contingency Legal Aid Fund: A Third Way toFinance Personal Injury Litigation.’ Journal of Law andSociety. 30(1):66-83.Carothers, T. 2003: ‘Promoting the Rule of Law Abroad: The Problem ofKnowledge.’ Carnegie Endowment WOrking Paper No. 34.Washington, D.C. January 2003Centre for Applied Legal Studies.2002. Final Report on Gender, Citizenshipand Governance Project.Damazo, J. 2006. Registering a New Sense of Identity, available athttp://www.adb.org/media/Articles/2006/11077-Cambodialegal-identity/.Dembowski, H. 2000. Taking the State to Court: Public Interest Litigationand the Public Sphere in India.Domberger, S. and A. 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Makingthe LawWork forEveryoneCopyri
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In reply to its expression of sorro
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group chaired by Commission members
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so that their informal contracts ha
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Table of contentsChapter 1 Access t
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Reforming Rules Regarding Bearers a
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The Economics of Informality and th
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Taking Microcredit Out of the Ghett
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5.6 Empowerment Domain 1: Access to
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1. IntroductionThe Commission on Le
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Theoretical perspectives that infor
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long-term migrant or refugee popula
Page 29 and 30: digital camera that could be used t
Page 31 and 32: or social services fraud. Thus, alt
Page 33 and 34: 3. Strategies to CreateAffordable,
Page 35 and 36: is secured through social pressure
Page 37 and 38: sufficient guidance as to the best
Page 39 and 40: even better, by showing the ones wi
Page 41 and 42: A related option is teaching the po
Page 43 and 44: some other trusted service provider
Page 45 and 46: From an economic perspective this s
Page 47 and 48: 2007). Such mechanisms prove prefer
Page 49 and 50: can play an important role in mobil
Page 51 and 52: motives — such as the desire to m
Page 53 and 54: of some legal action brought by the
Page 55 and 56: ernments may consider to remove art
Page 57 and 58: sations may make better decisions a
Page 59 and 60: ence others in the supply chain to
Page 61 and 62: ing access to justice for disadvant
Page 63 and 64: ardisation and simplification) and
Page 65 and 66: ary or informal systems, may improv
Page 67 and 68: Box 2 Coping with Legal Pluralism i
Page 69 and 70: cies (including local authorities)
Page 71 and 72: (ADB 2001b). These and other exampl
Page 73 and 74: e restructured in a way that reduce
Page 75 and 76: impact of a proposed action on some
Page 77 and 78: 5. Conclusions andRecommendationsIn
Page 79: Chapter 1 Endnotes1 Excellent recen
Page 84 and 85: ChapterTWOEmpowering thePoor Throug
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Page 88 and 89: and insurance — to facilitate tra
Page 90 and 91: Table 1 Mapping the dynamics of leg
Page 92 and 93: creasing finance for land reform an
Page 94 and 95: I. IntroductionAs these lines are b
Page 96 and 97: contributed to its substance. But a
Page 98 and 99: sis to protect transactions or to p
Page 100 and 101: in their countries is added reason
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Page 106 and 107: There may be sound policy reasons f
Page 108 and 109: system as a system of rules regardi
Page 110 and 111: Box 3 Namibian land reformIn Namibi
Page 112 and 113: Box 4 Focus AfricaCustomary rights
Page 114 and 115: property, some indigenous peoples a
Page 116 and 117: • Where consensus is hard to obta
Page 118 and 119: and the establishment of transparen
Page 120 and 121: which develop into a fully serviced
Page 122 and 123: Box 5 Sale of land: examples oflega
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Page 126 and 127: Enhancing Access to Land and Real P
Page 128 and 129: Box 8 Example of Singapore:public h
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Box 10 Slum upgradinginitiative in
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2. Pay Attention to Sequencing. The
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Foster Coalitions of Change in Favo
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Chapter 2 EndnotesUniversal Declara
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ers, refl ecting the allocation of
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ing industry through the scheme. (S
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193 See Tomlinson 2007.194 UN-ESCAP
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presented at the National Workshop
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Property Rights.’ At: http://www.
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Empowerment, issue 2, Oslo: 65-90.R
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ChapterTHREETowards a GlobalSocial
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and grounded in conditions of freed
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voluntary code-of-conduct initiativ
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outside their protective reach. The
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and sustainable solutions and peopl
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Segmentation in the Informal Labour
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Informalisation of Labour MarketsTh
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pation worldwide has given rise to
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through a variety of legal instrume
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Box 4 Social case for labourregulat
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Box 5 ILO Conventions and Recommend
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provision of full, productive, free
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Labour Conference in 1996, in recog
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different paths to enforcement, wit
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Table 1 Mean Measures of Regulation
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However, a more detailed examinatio
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countries this translates into unem
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legislative changes, it will critic
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6. Principles and practicesof Labou
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The Homeless People’s Federation
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Conclusions for national strategies
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tions and responsive mechanisms tha
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ticularly the prohibition of forced
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Annex 1:Recent and current initiati
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the following four-fold test: ‘(1
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Nations, the ILO and the World Bank
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able to go beyond general statement
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Case 8:Minimum Living Standard Secu
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Case 11:China’s positive response
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er, perhaps even prepaid, to ease t
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48 Including the UN funds, programm
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the Formal Economy and Informal Reg
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131—182.Sabel, C., D. O’Rourke,
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY‘The opposite of
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vast majority earn their living in
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and economic activity. First, in or
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ment procurement, tax rebates, and
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developing countries, however, info
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of the provision of adequate infras
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preneurs and small sector enterpris
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negative manifestations of informal
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million persons and their dependent
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within which business operates offe
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developed countries. In 1998, women
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four percent employed in the public
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3.Business Rights:Unlocking Barrier
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Street VendorsCommon issues and cha
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Box 3 Most Difficult Places toDo Bu
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Case Study:Ukraine and Private Busi
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The Chart below captures broadly th
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in helping the poor create wealth.
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tively unknown markets that require
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Case Study:Linking Markets: Promoti
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micro-finance activities. Micro-fin
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Remittances — the transfer of fun
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Case Study:Durban: A Heterogeneous
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5. Institutional changesand legal t
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step toward this kind of structure.
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key topics in simple and clear lang
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oped as part of a long-term regulat
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cured creditors have priority to th
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• Access to improved skills and t
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Case Study:Identity, Voice, and Ass
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6. Pursuing the agenda forchangeOve
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Case Study:Technology and the Infor
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is not the aim to diminish the enor
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in risky environments — in urban
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accepted customary forms could mean
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Recommendations and Key MessagesObj
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Chapter 4 Endnotes1 A business has
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than the rich. It further demonstra
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______., ‘Ghana Decent Work Pilot
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ChapterFIVERoad Maps forImplementat
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Following the contextual analysis
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establish a ‘legal empowerment pr
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targeted indicators endorsed by nat
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1. Introduction: Attributesof Legal
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2. Implementation:Challenges andOpp
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nature need to be rewritten or abol
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Figure 5.2 Influences on Policy Imp
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Table 5.2 Illustrative Stakeholder
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effective land control does not nec
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actors and assuming they will behav
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cymakers must tailor their empowerm
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ut some community members report be
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efore taking on implementation, or
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Table 5.3. Political Administrative
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not give up their position willingl
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Box 5.5 Authority Systems: Land Rig
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Afinal source of complexity is that
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almost always have the upper hand b
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Table 5.4 Skeleton Diagnostic Tool:
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3.Roadmaps toImplementationReforms
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Table 5.5 Country Specific Implemen
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Table 5.7 Empowerment Domain 2: Pro
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Table 5.8 Empowerment Domain 3: Lab
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Table 5.10 LEP Implementation Strat
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plans, poverty reduction strategies
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Box 5.7 Land Sector Harmonisation,
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quality and utility in establishing
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Table 5.12 A Framework for a Demand
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Empowerment of the poor in the end
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4.Bring existing technical solution
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Annex 1: PolicyImplementation Tools
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MIS: A Management Information Syste
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Training (on leadership, group work
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of labour disputes: An internationa
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on whether patent and copyright pro
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oads — cover only a limited numbe
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28 http://www.ilo.org/dyn/gender/ge
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Ouchi, Fumika. 2004. Twinning as a
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