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most appropriate.• Although not quite presented as a toolkit, UNDP’sPractitioner’s Guide on Access to Justice can beinterpreted as a toolkit 15 This has the additionaladvantage of bringing in a pro-poor angle. ‘Themeaning of access to justice is interpretativeand contextual. When people think of ‘access tojustice’, they are not necessarily thinking of thejustice system. For example, a UNDP participatorysurvey on people’s perceptions of justice inIndia found that slum dwellers prioritised accessto justice with regard to economic issues, whereasmembers of marginalised castes highlightedthe social dimensions of access, and indigenousminorities highlighted the political dimension.Therefore, the potential of formal and informalmechanisms to provide people with a sense of‘justice’ in a particular situation depends on thecontext, and is just one part of a bigger picture.’• The Asian Development Bank has a few toolkits inthe general law area, but the most relevant one isthe one on gender, law and policy 16 .Property rightsToolkits on property rights belong to different categoriesor segments — such as housing, land rights,minerals, forests and intellectual property. Amongthe major ones are the following:• The Housing and Land Rights Network (HLRN) ofthe Habitat International Coalition (HIC) has a toolkitfor the ‘housing rights defender’ 17 — ‘At theend of the last century, close to 1.2 billion peopleof the world survived in housing conditions thatwere unhealthy and precarious, including 100 millionwho were homeless. At least 600 million urbanresidents in developing countries, with thesenumbers swelling everyday, already live in housingof such poor quality and with such inadequate provisionof water, sanitation and drainage that theirlives and health are under continuous threat.’• USAID has a toolkit for situations where there isa link between land rights (or their lack) and conflict18 Today a ‘menu’ of approaches helps facilitatebroader access to land and engenders greaterequality in economic opportunity. In the past,land was typically taken from large landholdersand redistributed to the ‘land-needy’ by way ofexpropriation, usually with compensation or channelledthrough land funds. Increasingly, marketmediatedand community-managed efforts arebeing explored, including land rental market facilitation.There is a parallel USAID toolkit on therelationship between minerals and conflict 19 andyet another one on forests and conflict. 20Labour rights• Core Labour Standards Handbook, co-publishedby ADB (Asian Development Bank) and ILO. 21• The Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facilityof the World Bank group has a toolkit specificallyon the issue of how private participation in infrastructurecan affect the labour market, becauseof fears of job losses and changes in employmentstatus. 22 This is designed for policy-makers andpractitioners, especially in countries where thereis an absence of social safety nets.• The ADB has a toolkit, although it is described asa technical note, on labour issues in public sectorrestructuring. 23• ILO: Human Trafficking and Forced Labour Exploitation:Guidance for Legislation and Law Enforcement.24• D. Tajgman has edited, Extending Labour Law toAll Workers: Promoting Decent Work in the InformalEconomy in Cambodia, Thailand and Mongolia(ILO, Bangkok, 2006).• Ojeda Avilés, Métodos y prácticas en la soluciónde conflictos laborales: Un estudio internacional(ILO, Geneva, Dialogue Document No. 13, May2007). [Methods and practices in the resolution343