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3.Roadmaps toImplementationReforms to legally empower the poor are multi-faceted.Besides technical analysis and prescription,successful implementation of reforms calls forconsensus building, participation of key stakeholders,compromise, contingency planning, adaptation,and flexibility. These are the ‘how’ or methodissues of implementation. Reforms never proceedin a straight line; change is multi-directional andcalls for actions — by donors, government, NGOs,the private sector, and communities — sometimesiteratively, sometimes simultaneously, and sometimessequentially. To guide and track the necessaryactions to achieve reform ends, a roadmap isuseful to identify and to incorporate the technical,institutional, and political and dimensions of thereform process.In developing an implementation roadmap forreforms for Legal Empowerment of the Poor, ourworking group adapted a practical template developedby Brinkerhoff and Crosby (2002), whichdraws on policy reform research from multiplesectors. This template builds on empirical analysisthat identifies a common set of tasks associatedwith successful reform design and implementation.These tasks follow a generalised (but notlockstep) pattern, which can be conceived of as aninteractive cycle comprising the following phases:policy formulation and legitimisation, constituencybuilding, resource mobilisation, implementationdesign and organisational development, and actionplanning and progress monitoring. A stream of issues,agendas and decisions launch the cycle and,over time, provide additional input and momentumto the process.Figure 5.4, adapted from Brinkerhoff and Crosby(2002), illustrates this iterative process of policyimplementation, showing junctures or ‘crossroads’Figure 5.4Roadmap to the Implementation CycleAction Planning& ProgressMonitoringImplementationDesign &OrganizationalDeelopmentIssuesAgendasDecisionsPolicy FormulationandLegitimizationConstituencyBuildingResourceMobilizationprimary linkagesecondarywhere choices must be made while moving thepolicy onward. Below is a brief description of tasksassociated with each decision point on the roadmap.Issues, Agendas, and Decisions: Advocating forchange, developing policy issues, lists of items tobe considered, and making decisions that launchLegal Empowerment of the Poor reforms are theprecursors to crafting the operational content of aspecific policy. For these activities, it is politiciansand interest groups that tend to take the lead butthey will seldom succeed without pressure frombelow and mobilisation and demands from thepoor themselves. Out of this process, in the ideal,a policy champion will emerge (this could be aninfluential individual, a change team, or a coalition315