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4.Bring existing technical solutions up to date.Particularly in the land sector, many of theexisting legal instruments are inadequate. Landinformation systems are often expensive, complicated,and bureaucratic and, as a result, quicklybecome outdated. Unfortunately, the systemsrequired, for example, to integrate innovativeforms of tenure (certificates, group rights, etc.)into the national spatial data infrastructure donot currently exist. As emphasised in Chapter 2of this report, the choice of long-term technicalsolutions must be driven by the willingness andability of the users to pay. Thus an importantelement in successful Legal Empowerment of thePoor implementation will be the appropriatenessof the underlying analysis and the existence orcreation of technical systems to support reform.5.Bring together technical expertise and grassrootsexperience. Technocrats dominate policymakingin Legal Empowerment of the Poor. While validreasons exist for some technical requirements,grassroots realities and community solutionsalso need to be understood and incorporated inthe reform process. If a law does not meet itsusers’ needs, it is useless to the poor.6.Dedicate resources to support participatoryprocesses and coordination. While technicalsolutions often attract significant donor andgovernment interest, capacity development forparticipation and coordination mechanisms isoften undervalued and therefore under-funded.Other kinds of support, for example, are translationof laws and regulations into local languages,or grants to local civil society groups to lay bareLegal Empowerment of the Poor issues and tofund dissemination campaigns. Specific supportis required for coordination, preparation of researchand options papers, and information dissemination.Peer exchanges (both inter-regionaland intra-regional) are another valuable pro-poortool for building commitment to reform and formaintaining momentum over time.7.Provide effective outreach. Under intense pressuresto deliver, information and communicationprogrammemes are often neglected during implementation.Yet without a dedicated outreachcampaign, clients will rarely adopt the proposedreforms. Feedback received from those involvedneeds to be cycled back into the reform process,to keep it homegrown and responsive to demand.8.Provide access to information. Two-way communicationbetween governments and the poorwill need to be improved. For example, access toinformation has helped people to secure tenureand to tackle job discrimination through a betterunderstanding of their rights. There are also examplesin post-disaster and post-conflict nationsof the importance of providing access to information.Mobilising resources to take advantage ofinformation in support of Legal Empowerment ofthe Poor presents a challenge because in manycountries information that is nominally ‘public’is in practice difficult to obtain. In India, for example,civil society organisations waged a fiercecampaign to gain access to public budget andexpenditure data using freedom of informationlaws in six states, which later culminated in thepassage of a national law. However, in countrieswhere civil society is weak, and where certainsocial groups have been marginalized over extendedperiods of time, the ability of the poor toengage in effective collective action is likely tobe limited and fragile.9.Bundle service delivery. The strategy of bundlingservices is highlighted in several chapters of thisreport; it is seen as a cost-effective strategy fordelivering a variety of services to the poor. Anexample is to deliver identity cards with vaccinationprogrammemes. Such bundling may alsohave the great potential of contributing to com-335