A literary history of Persia

INDEX 499Ansar, 213, 215, 230, 231. SeeCompanionsAntiocn, 421Antiochus, 21Anthropomorphism, 310, 311,3'4. 315-316, 435Anusha-zadh, 136, 1 68, 181Anushirwan. See NushirwanAnwari (Persian poet), 389,437Anwar-i-Siihavli, 341Aogemadaeca* 102Aoj- (root), 27Apocrypha of Daniel, 479, 480Apollodorus, 21-Aqaba (in Surra-man-ra'a),329Arab heathenism (= Jahiliyyat,qv.\ 186-194, 212,231, 261. 274Arabian Nights, 254, 277Arabian Science, 204Arabic character, 9, 10, 82 ;Spanish in, 9Arabic language the vehicleof Muslim Science tillMongol Invasion, 340, 377 ;ill Persia, and Arabicliterature produced byPersians, 3, 4, 211, 278, 348,365, 445-447, 474-477 :preserved in siyaq notationin Persia, 67 importance;of for study of Persian,; 89, 90 elements of inPersian, 73 ; study of inEurope, 39-41 ; reducedto writing by command ofJamshid, 80 ; translationsinto from Pah!a\vi, 76,no, 1 18, 123; writtenin Syriac character (Karshuni),8, 9Arabic script, 10, 82Arabs, character of, 189-194, 252, 404, 472 mentionedin Behistun ; Inscription,94; learn theirpower, 184 influence ofon ;Persia, 6, 36, 37, 66 ;antipathy between andPersians, 114, 130, 242, 327,331-332, 334; pride of ,213, 229 ; decline of zealand power of ,244, 251- Aryans (Ariya, Airiya), 4, 29,252, 342, 345 ; minor references,33, 56, 80, 90, 04, 114, 4194, 63, 173, 174, 181, Aryat (Abyssinian general),357, 369 388. See also 175, 176Conquest, Arab, Racial Arzhang (Artang)feeling. Subject races,Shti'ubiyya, HawaiiIbnuVArabi, Shaykh Muhyiyyu'd-Dinof Man!(Sufi), 419,420, 438Ibnu'l-A'rabi (grammarian),278Arachosia, 35, 94Aralcadris. 31Aramaic, 36, 37, 66, 73, 74, 75,77. 80, 81, 89. See alsoChaldaan, SyriacAraxes, River, 25, 35Arbil. 33Arbitration of Dawmatu'l-Jandal, 219, 221Archelaus. Acts of , 155Arcs of Ascent and Descent,441Ardabil, 324, 325106, 118. 157Ardawan, 136, 137-139, 140-M5, 154*'Arib. b. Sa'd of Cordova(historian), 360, 362, 363,428, 430, 432, 434Anes, Sign of 1 , 14, 259'Arif (" Gnostic "), 424'Arifu'z-Eanadiqa, 159Aristotle (Aristu, Aristatalis),39, 40, 119, 277, 286, 293,305, 38lAristotelians, Arabian, 289Ariyaramna (Achasmenian),63. 92Arjasp, 460Armegand of Montpellier, 40Armenians, 8, 41, 94, 127, 201,313Arnold, Sir Edwin, 442*Arnold, T. W., 202, 206,2O7, 212, 448Arphaxad (Arfakhshad), 114Arrajan, 324, 364Arrows, shooting of todetermine site, 152, 153Arshama (Achaemenian), 63,92, 93'Arsh (Throne of God), 427Artabanus. See ArdawanArtai (wind), 143Artakhshatr-i-Papakano, 70,71, 93, 106, 108, 117, 122,136-151, 153Artaxerxes Longimanus, 117Artaxerxes Mnemon, 20, 120" Aryan genius," 301(Manes), 166Abu'l-'As b. Umayya, 215Asad (tribe), 370Asad b. 'Abdu'llah (Governorof Khurasan), 207, 352Asad-'Amid, 460Asad b. Musa b. Ibrahim,274Asadi (poet), 437 ; (lexicographer),86, 450, 457, 474,478Ibn 'Asakir, 264'AsaM-dukhta ("sewn honey,"the yellow garments wornby the Guebres), 343Asas (term of Isma'ilis), 409,4'3Ascetics (Zuhhad), 298Ashab.Ash'ari,See Companions.Abu Musa, 219Abu'l-Hasan, 212,;283,285, 286, 291-292, 352, 364,366Ardashir-i-Babakan (founderof Snsnnian Dynasty), 9, 58,70, 97, 103, 108, 112, 117, 119-120. 121, 122, 136-151, 153, Ashemaogha (heretic), Mazdak158. See also Artakhshatri-Papakanoso styled, 169, 171Ashghaniyan, Ashkaniyan,Ardashir III (Sasanian), 174, in, 118, 158. See also182Ardashir, Dastur ,47Arda Viraf, Book of, 43, 96,Parthians.Ibnu'l-Ashtar (General of-Mukhtar), 238'Askar Mukrani (place), 396-Asma'i (philologist), 277, 350,357Asman (27th day of month),146Asp - - i nawbati (" sentryhorse"), 317so called."Ass," Marwan IISee Marwan IIAssassins, 54, 172, 311, 392,395, 396, 408, 424Assyrians, 20, 21, 23,. 36, 37,55, 5, 66, 67. 74, 75, 81, 89,90, 94, 109, 305, 306Astarabad, 448.Astronomy, 289, 304Astyages, 21Asm a (demon) in Sanskrit =Ahura (God) in Avcsta, 34'Ata (name of -Ituqantia',q.v.), 320Abu'l-'Atahiya (poet), 276, 277,370'Ata -Ghazzal (father ofWasil), 281A'tham -Kufi (historian), 363*-Atharu'l-baqiya (of -Biruni.q.v.), 154, 469*Atharu'l-bilad (of-Qazwini),15, 157. 257, 319, 324Athenaeus, 121Athenians, 94-Athim (= Pers. Baza-gar,"the Sinner"), 135. SeeYazdigird I.*Ibnu'l-Athir (historian), 169,321-323, 360Athravan (Fire-priest), 31Atropatene, 19, 25, 28, 29, 30,36, 78. See also Aza rbayia n*'Attar, Shaykh Faridu'd-Din(poet and mystic), 294,299, 361, 362, 389, 46, 424-428, 436, 437, 444Augustine, St. , 155Averroes (Ibn Rushd), 40,288-289, 204, 381Avesta, 4, 22-31, 34, 37, 42-44, 60, 53, 86-59, 63, 07-70, 88, 91, 95-102, 105, 108,Ill-Ill, 116, 120, 143, 169,206, 801 ; meaning otterm, 78 ; identified withAbraham's Revealed Book(Suhuf), H3