A literary history of Persia

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52OINDEXSttfiWool typifying renunciation,297, 417, '430. See Pashnunatiusli,world compared to snake,467"World-wise" (Hakimatu'd-Dahr in Manichrean system),162Worm of Kirman, 138, 145-150Wright, Dr. W. , 134, 169,191, 221, 375Writing, Art of amongstancient Arabs, 261 ;amongst ancient Persians,9 ; highly valued byManichreans, 165 ; cf. 431Wustenfeld, 160, 272, 273, 321,387Xenophon, 91Xerxes, 56, 61, 79, 92, 113-Yafi'i, 424Yahya-Barmaki (" the Barmecide"), 259, 277Yahya b. Bitriq, 277Yahya b. Ma'adh of Ray(mystic), 323, 418Yahya b. Masawayh, 345Yahya b. Zayd (g'reat-grandsonof -Husavn). 122Abu Yahya Tahir" b. -Fadl-Sagbani (Chaghani), Amir.467Yaksum (Abyssinian King),178Yama (in Hindu mythology),56, 80, 113-Yaman (-Yemen), 152, 173-176, 178, 180, 181, 183, 192,201, 244, 262, 263, 358, 382,388, 402, 405Yaminu'd -Dawla. SeeA/a/tmiidof GhaxnaYaminu d - Din Faryumadi(Persian poet), 437Ya'qub b. Layth -Satfari, 13,346-348, 349, 352-354. 473Ya'qub (grandson of 'Amr b.Layth -Saffari), 359*-Ya'qubi (historian), 110,1S1, 130 181, 155 187, 158,169, 829, 230, 231, 239, 241,244, 246, 307. 314, 317, 318,321, 323, 357-388Yaqut (geographer), 14, 15,321Yasar (Persian captive), 263,266Yashts, 97, 100Yasna, 44, 48, 63, 67, 68, 99104Yathrib (ancient name of-Uutttna, q.v,), 132(of-Tha 1 -alibi),86B-8fl,368,374, 375.440-447, 450, 453, IU-M0470, 474. 475, 4/6Yaikar-t-Zariran (Pahlawiromance), 9, 108, 121, 138Yazd, 26, 27, 83, 86, 109, 343Yazdan-Gushnasp, 129Yazdigird I, 135, 166Yazdigird III,' 6, 120, 122. ISO-132, 168. 174, 182, 199, 200,220,817Yazid I (Umayyad Caliph),219, 224-238, 228, 230Yazid II (Umayyad Caliph),216,283Yazid III (Umayyad Caliph),219, 318Yaiiid b. -Muhallab (general),263Yazidi sect (" Devil-worshippers"),304" Year of the Ass," 241" Year of the Elephant," 173,174Yeats (Irish poet), 447Yellow garments prescribedfor unbelievers, 343. Seealso 'Asal-i diikhtaYima (=Yama, Jamshid,q.v.), 56. 80, 113Yishu'-bokht, 145Yudan - Yim (Zoroastnaupriest), 105Yuhanna b. Masawayhi(translator), 305Yusuf-Barm (heresiarch), 247,3i8Yusuf b. 'Umar (Governor of'Iraq), 233*Yiisufu Znlayklia (of Jami),439,' 4*2, 444Abu Yusuf, 349Abu Yusuf Ya'qub-Ansari(Hanafite doctor), 276Abu Yusuf Ya'qub b. Ishaq-Kindi, 356. See -KindiAbu Yusuf-Qati'i, 302Zab (river), 245, 247Ibn Zabala (historian of-Madina), 277Zabulistan, 116Zadan, son of Karrukh(Persian accountant), 205Zagros Mountains, 19-Zahi (poet), 370Zahir (Dhahir) of Faryab(Persian poet), 389Zahiri (or Zahirite) school,357. See also DhahiriZahra ("the Bright," i.e.,Fatima, q.v.), 131, 132Ibn Abi Zakartyya (heretic),359. 3
INDEX 521Dynasty, 359, 360,364-365, 367, 37i. 376, 446,453, 466, 469, 471.Zotiak, :oha Zuhak, Zahhak. SeeDahakZopyrus, 121Zoroaster, 4, 25, 28-31, 34, 49-54. 56, 5, 88- 95- 96. 102,116, 118, 120, 123, 127, 154,159, 162, 163, 173, 200, 201,206, 046, 247, 263, 309, 310,315. 334 : identified withAbraham, 113 ; name ofchanged to Muhammad onconversion to Islam, 263Zoroastrian Literature, 7, 8,43, 44, 46, 118Zoroastrian Priests, 135, 166,169, 202, 206Zoroastrian Religion, 6, 9, 23,24, 30, 34. 36, 4*. 45-47,127, 161, 165, 167, 170, 171,202, 203, 206, 301, 414, 459-460Zoroastrians, 200-202, 206-207, 23*. 303, 343. 352, 375.448, 459. See also GuebresM agio usZoroastrian sympathies imputedto Barmecides, 259Zotenbrg, H., 369, 455, 478,479-Zubayr, 217, 388Ibn-Zubayr, 228-231Zubur. See Psalms of David-Zuhri (theologian), 263, 272,273Zuwarishn, 7, 73. SeeHuzvanshPrinted in Great Britain byTCTWIH BROTHERS, LIMITED, THE GREBHAM FKBBS, WOKCtG AND LONDON35
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. andA Literary Historyof PersiaFro
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A Literary Historyof PersiaFrom the
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StackAnnexPtPrefaceFOR many yearsI
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PREFACEixdown to the Mongol Invasio
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PREFACExl7f," says a well-known Eas
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xivCONTENTSCHAPTERVII.BOOK IIION TH
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CHAPTER IINTRODUCTORYTHIS book, as
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THE OLD PERSIAN LANGUAGE 5in the th
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PERIODS OF THE PERSIAN LANGUAGE 7Pd
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DISUSE OF PAHLAWt SCRIPT $Armenian
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BEGINNINGS OF MODERN PERSIAN 11char
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BEGINNINGS OF PERSIAN POETRY 13glee
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BARBAD THE MINSTREL 15were transcri
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BARBAD AND RtfDAGt I?"When Rudagi r
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THE MEDES 19now enter is, unfortuna
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THE MEDES 21and disclosed by Mordec
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THE MEDES 23bcrceau du Zoroastrisme
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LANGUAGE OF THE AVESTA **>same unan
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PERSIAN DIALECTS 27" Pehlevi-Musulm
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DATE OF THE A VESTA 29Paris, 1892-3
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'THE CRIME OF " MA GICIDE " }tSasin
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fORIGIN OF THE IRANIANS 33the race
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GEOGRAPHY OF THE A VESTA 35the reli
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SEMTTIC INFLUENCES 37Greek is far m
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CHAPTER IITHE DISCOVERY AND INTERPR
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ARABIC CHAIRS FOUNDED 41according t
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THOMAS HYDE 43the Arabic Mah prefix
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ANQUETIL DU PERRON 45year above men
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ANQUETIL DU PERRON 47immediately co
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S7R WILLIAM JONES 49whence, after a
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SJR W. JONES AND ANQUETIL 51de Us e
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S/R W. JONES AND ANQUETIL 53Sir Wil
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WILLIAM JONES 55with many of them,
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VINDICATION OF ANQUETIL 57catholic
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DECIPHERMENT OF INSCRIPTIONS 59know
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DECIPHERMENT OF INSCRIPTIONS 61of t
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DECIPHERMENT OF INSCRIPTIONS 63Yet,
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ORIGIN OF PERSIAN CUNEIFORM 65From
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BURNOUF'S WORK 67and the like, in t
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"THE WAR OF THE METHODS" 69acumen,"
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PAHLA Wt INSCRIPTIONS 71The Sdsania
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HUZVARISH 73more as to the essentia
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HUZVARISH 75at." So in like manner
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RECAPITULATION 77so whatever they w
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RECAPITULATION 79language " be used
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RECA PITULA TION8 iof the third and
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MODERN DIALECTS 83added concerning
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DIALECTAL POETRY 853-Vi-shum, vdshu
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DIALECTS OF PERSIA 87Kirman, Rafsin
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A PERSONAL EXPLANATION 89(iii) The
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ACHAEMENIAN INSCRIPTIONS 91produce
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ACHMMENIAN INSCRIPTIONS 93Any obser
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THE A VESTA 95heard itsaid by Engli
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Avesta during the periodTHE A VESTA
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, THE AVESTA 99festation of the Ine
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THE AVESTA 101spiritual hierarchy.T
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PAHLAWt INSCRIPTIONS 103III.THE PAH
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PAHLA Wt L1TERA TURE 16$1. Pahlawi
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PAHLA Wt LITERA TURE 107Bridge of $
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thoughPAHLAWt LITERATURE 109the con
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THE PERSIAN EPICinsources inscripti
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DOCTORTHE PERSfAMBfcWEN MIN4SJAN,th
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THE PERSIAN EPICitsDevil, who begui
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THE PERSIAN EPIC 117the Avesta as a
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THE PERSIAN EPICas follows. The fir
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THE PERSIAN EPIC 121and professedly
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THE PERSIAN EPIC 123This Pahlawi Kh
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CHAPTER IVTHE SAsANIAN PERIOD (A.D.
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DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS 129were withd
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BfB/ SHAHR-BANti 131Now whether thi
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BiBt SHAHR-BANll 133the Persian hat
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TOLERATION A SIN 135delivered up un
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LEGEND OF ARDASHJR 137Sasanian dyna
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LEGEND OF ARDASH/R 139Karnamak."Aft
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141Brilliantly blazing like the bri
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LEGEND OF ARDASHJR 143The next epis
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LEGEND 01^ ARDASH/R 145Hard by our
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LEGEND OF HAFTAN-BOKHT 147foot of t
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LEGEND OF HAFTAN-BdKHT 149When the
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'THE HAji-ABAD INSCRIPTION 151of th
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THE HAjI-ABAD INSCRIPTION 153We oug
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THE MANICHJEANS 155the former (nota
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THE MANICHJEANS 157corrupted thy re
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THE MANICHAEANS 159Manichasans. ...
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THE MANICHJSANS 161.presents itself
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THE MANICHAEANS 163Progress of \.(A
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THE MANICH^EANS 165standing " ;the
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MAZDAK 167reckless cruelty, nor fro
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MAZDAK 169the fourth Excursus (Uebe
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MAZDAK 171we have already seen (p.
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FALL OF THE HOUSE OF SAsAN 173no ye
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THE CHRISTIANS OF NEJRAN 175Bilqis
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"THE PEOPLE OF THE ELEPHANT" 177Whi
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seek relief from one of the two gre
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REGICIDE AND ANARCHY 181in the midd
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THE PROPHETS MESSAGE 183the doomed
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CHAPTER VTHE ARAB INVASION" DURING
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MUSLIMS BEFORE THE NEGtfSH 187of th
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THE EARLY MUSLIMS 189down his leg,
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191and tribal interests to the dema
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THE PAGAN ARABS 193And if Hudhayl b
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AL-FAKHRt'S NARRATIVE 195and their
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AL-FAKHRt'S NARRATIVE 197concealed
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AL-FAKHRJ'S NARRATIVE 199possession
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CONVERSION OF THE PERSIANS 201retai
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EARLY PERSIAN CONVERTS 203soldiers
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PERSIAN INDISPENSABLE TO ARABS 205i
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SURVIVAL OF "FIRE WORSHIP'' 207the
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CHAPTER VITHE UMAYYAD PERIOD (A.D.
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THE CALIPHATE 211the metropolis of
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THE PROPHET'S ACHIEVEMENT 213missio
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CALIPHATE OF 'UTHMAN 215UMAYYAAbul-
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MURDER OF 'UTHAlAN 217able for thei
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AND MU'AWIYA 219raise aloft on thei
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221like Tamim), and the heroes of Q
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THE KHARIJITES 223cried out, "Thou
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YAZfD 22$It was still worse when, o
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KERBELA 227devotion ;but henceforth
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REBELLION OF AL-MUKHTAR 229the murd
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CAUSES OF DISCONTENT 231sanctity of
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233it not the sole aim. But this di
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'UMAX IBN 'ABDU'L-'AZfZ 235unto men
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THE lABBASID PROPAGANDA 237outbreak
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SECTS OF THE SHPA 239Broadlyspeakin
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PRESAGES OF DISASTER 241A.D. 745, a
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THE REVOLUTION 243Abbasid, whereupo
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DISILLUS10NMENJ 245the lesser Zab b
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EFFECTS OF THE REVOLUTION 247his re
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CHAPTER VIIGENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
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CHARACTER OF 'ABBASID RULE 253all f
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THE OFFICE OF WAZtR 255tuality) lar
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THE OFFICE OF WAZ/R 257as we have s
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REVIVAL OF PERSIAN CUSTOMS 259Anoth
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CONTEMPT OF ARABS FOR LETTERS 261ob
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LITERARY PRE-EMINENCE OF PERSIANS 2
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THE SHU'tfBIYYA 265Christian than t
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PRIDE OF THE PERSIANS 267They hare
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THE SHU'tfBIYYAThe Sku'ubiyya contr
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EVOLUTION OF MUSLIM SCIENCES 271nec
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EARLIEST ARABIC PROSE 273handed on
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CHIEF WRITERS OF THIS PERIOD 275The
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CHIEF WRITERS OF THIS PERIOD 277(22
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Wfi0CHAPTER VIIITHE DEVELOPMENTS OF
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THE MWTAZILA 281Uraayyad period per
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THE DOCTRINE OF FREE WILL 283Caliph
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THE MU'TAZILA DOMINANT 285Withiq fo
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DOCTRINE OF THE MU'TAZILA 287of the
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DECLINE OF THE MU'TAZILA 289but see
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AL-ASH'ARf 291and its siteploughed
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THE IKHWANU 'S-SAFA 293of the 'Abba
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THE ORTHODOX SCHOOLS 295Persian des
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THE EARLY StfF/Swritten with the so
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THE EARLY StfF/S 299sharply with th
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ORIGIN OF SUF1ISM 301not convinced
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THE SABAEANS 303their hair extremel
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THE SYRIANS OF HARRAN 30$great tran
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HERESY IN FASHION- 307says: "Philos
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BIH-AFARfDH 309he had beheld him de
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THE ULTRA-SHf'ITES 311[who believe
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SINBADH "THE MAGIAN" 313followers o
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THE RAWANDIYYA 315Fihnst (p. 345) h
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USTADHS/3places, believing that the
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"THE VEILED PROPHET" 319al-Muqanna'
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"THE VEILED PROPHET" 321"This verse
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BABAK AL-KHURRAMf 323teenth century
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BABAK AL-KHURRAMf* 325went forth in
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BABAK AL-KHURRAMf 327" 'So when it
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EXECUTION OF BABAK 329the Khurramis
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THE TRIAL OF AFSH/N 331two others w
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THE TRIAL OF AFSHfN 333" what means
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THE TRIAL OF AFSHiN 335flies ' (mea
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BOOK IVON THE FIRST PERIOD OF THE D
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340 DECLINE OF THE CALIPHATEand sti
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342 DECLINE OF THE CALIPHATETurkish
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344 DECLINE OF THE CALIPHATEbadges,
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346 DECLINE OF THE CALIPHATEIt was
Page 370 and 371:
348 DECLINE OF THE CALIPHATEfounded
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350 DECLINE OF THE CALIPHATEslaves
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DECLINE OF THE CALIPHATE" " Occulta
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'-354 DECLINE OF THE CALIPHATEThe s
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356 DECLINE OF THE CALIPHATERawdhak
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358 DECLINE OF THE CALIPHATEardent
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360- DECLINE >OF THE CALIPHATEdynas
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362 DECLINE OF THE CALIPHATE"Those
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364 DECLINE OP THE CALIPHATEmay men
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366 DECLINE OF THE CALIPHATEthe sam
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'368 DECLINE OF THE CALIPHATECarmat
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3/0 DECLINE OF THE CALIPHATE>others
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372of Islam. This Sabuktagin was or
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374 DECLINE OF THE CALIPHATEwith ea
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376 DECLINE OF THE CALIPHATEof Isld
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378 THE STATE OF MUSLIM LITERATUREo
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380 THE STATE OF MUSLIM LITERATUREI
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.ii.382 THE STATE OF MUSLIM LITERAT
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384 THE STATE OF MUSLIM LITERATUREh
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386 THE STATE OF MUSLIM LITERATUREF
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388 THE STATE OF MUSLIM LITERATUREH
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390 THE STATE OF MUSLIM LITERATUREo
Page 414 and 415:
392 THE ISMAlLi SECT(especially tho
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394 ^HE ISMA'/Lf SECTMaymtin al-Qad
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1 a'396 THE ISMAfli SECTtheir oppre
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398 THE ISMA'JLI SECTof Syria was i
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400 THE ISMA'JLf SECTwhile, on the
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402 THE iSMAlLt SECTafter this (A.D
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404set in its place, to the infinit
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406 THE ISMA'lLf SECTTo Europeans t
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408 THE ISMAIL! SECT("owing allegia
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410 THE ISMAiLJ SECT5. Space, or Pl
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412 THE ISMAfLI SECTthat the skins
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4HTHE ISMAftf SECTnot the last of t
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CHAPTER XIIIRELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS OF
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4J8THE StfFf MYSTICISMcame into use
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420 THE $tfFI MYSTICISMan enormous
Page 444 and 445:
422 THE StfFf MYSTICISMthan the gre
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424 THE StfFf MYSTICISMthe Turkish
Page 448 and 449:
426 THE $tfFJ MYSTICISMSayings of S
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428 THE Sl)Fl MYSTICISMregarding Go
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430 THE SIJF1 MYSTICISMin one of th
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432 THE StiFI MYSTICISMpurpose ;whi
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434 THE StfFf MYSTICISMwoman named
Page 458 and 459:
436 THE StfFl MYSTICISMAdh-Dhahabi
Page 460 and 461:
438 THE StfFf MYSTICISMstudy, espec
Page 462 and 463:
440 THE SUFI MYSTICISMreveals the N
Page 464 and 465:
442 THE StfFf MYSTICISMescape from
Page 466 and 467:
444 THE SI)Ft MYSTICISMthere are le
Page 468 and 469:
446 THE LITERATURE OF PERSIA(includ
Page 470 and 471:
448 THE LITERATURE OF PERSIArare ma
Page 472 and 473:
450 THE LITERATURE OF PERSIAwriting
Page 474 and 475:
452 THE LITERATURE OF PERSIAJ. B. E
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454 THE LITERATURE OF PERSIAthough
Page 478 and 479:
456 THE LITERATURE OF PERSIAagrees
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458 THE LITERATURE OF PERSIAThou mi
Page 482 and 483:
460 THE LITERATURE OF PERSIAits san
Page 484 and 485:
462 THE LITERATURE OF PERSIABut for
Page 486 and 487:
464 THE LITERATURE OF PERSIAHamada'
Page 488 and 489:
466 THE LITERATURE OF PERSIAAbu Bak
Page 490 and 491:
468 THE LITERATURE OF PERSIASeven m
Page 492 and 493: 470 THE LITERATURE OF PERSIAAth-Tha
Page 494 and 495: 472 THE LITERATURE OF PERSIAmetrica
Page 496 and 497: 474 THE LITERATURE OF PERSIAKalila
Page 498 and 499: 476 THE LITERATURE OF PERSIAArabic
Page 500 and 501: 478 THE LITERATURE OF PERSIAruary 1
Page 502 and 503: 480 THE LITERATURE OF PERSIATo thos
Page 504 and 505: 482 BIBLIOGRAPHYin Geiger and Kuhn'
Page 506 and 507: 484 BIBLIOGRAPHYI16. G. Ravvlinson'
Page 508 and 509: 486 BIBLIOGRAPHY40. C. de Harlez :
Page 510 and 511: BIBLIOGRAPHY62. Dr. W.Wright: The C
Page 512 and 513: 490 BIBLIOGRAPHY*8o.Wellhausen's Mt
Page 514 and 515: 492 BIBLIOGRAPHY105. Von Hammer :Hi
Page 516 and 517: 494 BIBLIOGRAPHY/-. 'Ushshdq (" Lov
Page 518 and 519: 496 BIBLIOGRAPHYLatinum Etymologicu
Page 520 and 521: 498 INDEXAdhar- (Atur-) Farnbag, so
Page 522 and 523: 5ooINDEXAvestic language (so-called
Page 524 and 525: 502 INDEXChrist See ?*$ (
Page 526 and 527: 504 INDEXFargard (chapters of Vendi
Page 528 and 529: 506 INDEXHebrew. language. 40, 41,
Page 530 and 531: 508 INDEX-Juybari, Abu Ishaq Ibrahi
Page 532 and 533: INDEXBO considered,;246 Fatimid, 39
Page 534 and 535: 512 INDEXMuhitu'J-Multit (Arabic Di
Page 536 and 537: 5'4 INDEXPersian literature, Birth
Page 538 and 539: INDEXSaint-Martin, 65-Sarvi (or-Sar
Page 540 and 541: INDEXTmmm \\rntS** Tm~rtmim (fa*i !
Page 546: University of CaliforniaSOUTHERN RE
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